亮氨酸

The frequency of particular amino acids in signal peptides by statistical approach was 48.54% for hydrophobic, 18.67% for uncharged, 24.54% for negative and 8.00% for positive amino acids. The most frequent amino acid was alanine, and the least was isoleucine. Three classes of signal peptides were found in the genome of P. syringae pv. tomato, 501 ORFs belong to secretary signal peptides, 36 ORFs belong to twin-arginine signal peptides, and 15 ORFs belong to lipoprotein signal peptides. Type IV pilin signal peptide and bacteriocins and pheronones signal peptide was not found in the genome.

同时，对组成信号肽的氨基酸种类作了系统的分析，发现组成信号肽的氨基酸中非极性氨基酸占48.54%，极性氨基酸占18.67%，带负电荷氨基酸占24.54%，带正电荷氨基酸仅占8.00%，出现最多的3种氨基酸依次为亮氨酸、丙氨酸和丝氨酸，最少的氨基酸是异亮氨酸，在切割位点－1端的氨基酸中83.21%均为丙氨酸，在切割位点后3位的氨基酸中最多的氨基酸也是丙氨酸。

FT-Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectra of leucine and isoleucine, the only isomer in proteinic amino acids, on the silver colloidal substrate are recorded.

报道了在蛋白质氨基酸中唯一一对异构体氨基酸——亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的FT-拉曼光谱和在银胶基底上的表面增强拉曼光谱。

ARC1(arm repeat containing 1 ) is a very important downstream protein factor in sporophytic self- incompatible signaling process. It is made up of arm repeat domain, U-box domain, leucine zipper domain/ coiled-coil domain, one nuclear localization signal and two nuclear export signal, arm repeat domain and U-box domain are main functional domain.

臂重复蛋白ARC1(arm repeat containing1，ARC1)是孢子体型自交不亲和信号传导途径下游非常重要的蛋白质因子，由臂重复结构域、U-box结构域、亮氨酸拉链/卷曲螺旋结构域、1个核定位信号和2个核输出信号组成，其中臂重复结构域和U-box结构域起主要功能。

They were two new compounds, [cyclo(Pro-Val-Phe-Phe-Pro-Val-Phe-Ser-Leu),7],[2-N-(1-methoxycarbonylethyl)guanosine, 10], and eight known compounds,(p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 1),(methyl succinate, 2),(russulaceramide, 3),(phenylalanine, 4),(guanine, 5),(β-carboline, 6),(uridine, 8), and (adenosine, 9). All the compounds were isolated from Amanita exitialis for the first time.

分别为：对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid，1)、丁二酸二甲酯(methyl succinate，2)、神经酰胺(russulaceramide，3)、苯丙氨酸（phenylalanine，4）、鸟嘌呤核苷(guanine，5)、β-咔啉(β-carboline，6)、环（脯氨酸-缬氨酸-苯丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸-脯氨酸-缬氨酸-苯丙氨酸-丝氨酸-亮氨酸） [cyclo(Pro-Val-Phe-Phe-Pro-Val-Phe-Ser-Leu)，7]、尿嘧啶核苷(uridine，8)、腺嘌呤核苷(adenosine，9)、2-N-(1-甲氧羰基乙基)鸟苷[2-N-(1-Methoxycarbonylethyl)guanosine， 10]。10个化合物均为首次从致命鹅膏中分离得到，其中化合物7和10为新化合物。

With the help of RP-HPLC, the hydrolyzes of corn gluten meal were found to be rich in Pro and basic amino acid, such as Phe and Leu, which can be used as food additives to supply basic amino acid and to lower blood pressure.

利用反相高效液相色谱法对玉米黄粉蛋白酶解产物的氨基酸组成进行了测定，发现酶解产物中含有大量的Phe(Phenylalanine，苯丙氨酸)，Leu(Leucine，亮氨酸)等必需氨基酸和Pro(Proline，脯氨酸)，他们可以添加到食品中来补充必需的氨基酸和降低高血压患者的血压，对综合开发利用这一丰富的农副产品具有重要的意义。

Not all adaptive immune systems use the immunoglobulin fold as the basis for specific recognition molecules: sea lampreys, for example, have evolved an adaptive immune system that is based on leucine-rich repeat proteins.

并不是所有的获得性免疫系统都是利用免疫球蛋白来特异的识别外来分子，例如七鳃鳗，它利用的是一种富亮氨酸的蛋白。

Acceptable resolutions were achieved when it was applied for the separation of dipeptides including Leu-Tyr and Val-Tyr by using 1-butanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5, V/V/V) solvent system. The proteins including cytochrome C and myoglobin, lysozyme and myoglobin, and fresh chicken egg-white proteins were well separated by 12.5% PEG1000-12.5% K2HPO4-75% water (pH 9.0) and 16% PEG 1000-12.5% K2HPO4-71.5% water (pH 8.0) system.

应用研究表明，采用正丁醇-醋酸-水(4：1：5， V/V/V)和PEG1000-磷酸钾盐-水(12.5：12.5：75， W/W/W)(pH 9.0)体系可以在较高的流动相流速和较高的固定相保留下分别实现对亮氨酸-酪氨酸和缬氨酸-酪氨酸二肽混合物以及细胞色素C与肌红蛋白、肌红蛋白与溶菌酶混合物及鸡蛋清样品中蛋白成分的成功分离。

Using PAP and ABC methods and microspectrophotometry, the regularities of developmental changes and characteristics of the distribution of leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactive components in the spinal cord of the human foetuses (52 cases) and neonates (2 cases) have been examined.

用PAP和ABC法，观察了亮氨酸-脑啡肽样免疫反应成分在52例胎龄为8-39周的人胎儿和2例新生儿脊髓的分布状况，并通过显微分光光度计对分布密度进行了量的变化的分析。

Results:Significant differences in energy and 26 kinds of nutrients such as protein,lipid,carbohydrate,calcium,zinc,selenium,magnesium,copper,manganese,natrium,kalium,iron,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin C,vitamin PP,vitamin E,and eight kinds of essential amino-acids were shown between recommend dietary allowance and daily food intake(P.01).The intake of iron and vitamin E was enough,whereas the intake of energy and other nutrients was not enough.

结果：热能和26种营养素，如蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钙、锌、硒、镁、铜、锰、钠、钾、铁、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素PP、维生素E和8种必需氨基酸(异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸)的摄入量与每人每天营养素标准供给量比较，均有显著性差异(P.01)，其中只有铁和维生素E摄入尚足。

METHODS Upon the model of cultured rat FBs, C a2+ influx stimulated with Ang Ⅱ,CaN signaling pathway was blocked with c yclosporine Aand Ca2+ channel with verapamil, detecting the ac tivities of FBs CaN, mitogen activated protein kinase and protein kinas e C,［3H］-leucine(［3H］-Leu) and ［3H］-thymidine(［3H］-Td R) incorporation as the target to evaluate FBs proliferation.

方法以培养的FBs为模型，用Ang Ⅱ剌激FBs外Ca2+入流，环孢素A阻断CaN信号通路，维拉帕米阻断FBs钙通道，检测FBs CaN、丝裂素活化蛋白激酶、蛋白激酶C活性，用［3H］-亮氨酸及［3H］-胸腺嘧啶参入量作为反应FB s增殖的指标。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。