产生金属的

The model was used to simulate the angular velocity distribution of the liquid Al Si alloy under different magnetic intensity .

在对电磁离心工艺深入分析的基础上，建立了该工艺过程中液态金属角速度分布数学模型·并模拟了不同磁场强度下，液态金属角速度分布·结果表明：为避免铸件产生缩松，在电磁离心铸造过程中，必须有合适的磁场强

The third approach is about the concept of an ITO direct Ohmic contact structure on GaP window layer. The direct Ohmic contact structure is performed by the deposition of an AuBe diffused thin layer and the following activation process on the surface of a Mg-doped GaP window layer. The presence of this thin AuBe diffused layer yields the Be dominant metallic surface layer and significantly reduces the barrier height between the ITO and p-GaP layer. Via the modification of contact structure, not only the brightness was significantly increased but the reliability was comparable to the conventional LED without this structure.

第三个研究为一种具有直接欧姆接触在p型磷化镓窗层与氧化铟锡界面的制程方法，於本研究中并无习知砷化镓欧姆接触层的存在，我们利用金/金铍金属藉由热退火程序，使其金铍原子在磷化镓窗层表面形成具金属特性之薄膜层，降低磷化镓与氧化铟锡接触产生之接面能障；另外，该元件在氧化铟锡直接欧姆接触於磷化镓窗层下，除亮度具明显提升外，在稍大电流(20毫安培)元件可靠度测试下，亦未有明显衰减情形发生。

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

The metallurgist has recently found a metal skin for missiles and superonic planes, one that will retain its strength at the high temperature caused by air friction.

personal version：最近冶金学家发现了一种可以用作导弹和超音速飞机外壳的金属，这种金属能在空气摩擦而产生的高温下保持其硬度。

Ionized helium at least, the density minimum, it can quickly disperse from the metal bath of metal vapor produced by an increase, so to use helium as shielding gas, the plasma will be to maximize the suppression, thus increasing the penetration depth, improve welding speed.

氦气电离最少，密度最小，它能很快地驱散从金属熔池产生的上升的金属蒸气，所以用氦作保护气体，等离子体将被最大程度地抑制，从而增加熔深，提高焊接速度。

In this regard, our goal is to develop a glow-discharge method to functionalize titanium surfaces by the covalent immobilization of bioactive organic molecules.

钛金属圆片先以氩气电浆去除表面污染物，来产生可重复取得的清洁表面，接著用丙烯胺电浆处理，使丙烯胺聚合在钛金属表面，再以交链剂戊二醛将白蛋白与丙烯胺的胺基(-NH2)键结。

The electrolytic decontaminating method may be used for eliminating radioactive contaminant from metal parts of exservice nuclear installation, so that the metal waste may be degraded and reused.

本方法可广泛用于核设施金属表面放射性污染的电解去污，使核设施退役时产生的大量金属废物得以降级或再循环、再利用。

The plasma ignition threshold of metal is got through experimental and numerical study. The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air .

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值210倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q－YAG激光器（波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns），靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随著波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

The pressure responses of polymer packaged fiber Bragg grating sensor are analyzed, a special kind of pressure-resistant polymer is used to coat FBG in a metal tube. A kind of soft elastic material is used to reduce the friction between tube and polymer, and to eliminate chirp effect caused by different friction distribution to improve the pressure response of FBG.

分析了聚合物封装光纤光栅的压力响应特性，通过采用特殊聚合物材料将光纤光栅封装于金属套管中，并通过在金属套管预涂覆一层软弹性材料，以消除封装过程中由于聚合物固化收缩以及聚合物与套管壁粘接与摩擦产生的光纤光栅啁啾化，改善了光纤光栅压力响应特性。

The influence of the electron structure of the center metal, the type of the substituent group, and substitution position on the photo-generation of 1O2 by the metallophthalocyanines were discussed.

讨论了中心金属电子结构、取代基类型及取代位置对酞菁金属配合物光敏产生1O2能力的影啊。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。