产生细菌的

Just as the expert in photomicrography amuses himself with diatoms, or the zoologist with insects, shells, and birds of gorgeous plumage, the bibliophile takes pleasure in reading the newest book or monograph that is "highly important and thought-provoking" but that no one else can seem to find a copy of.

如果他是地质学家的话，他会完完全全沉醉在岩石的切片里，把这些岩石的切片放到偏极光显微镜下面，就可以看到各式各样的颜色，变化万千。如果他是细菌学家，那他就会很高兴地收集产生各种颜色的细菌，甚至产生磷光的菌。

To study and know well the rudimentary knowledge and the basic techniques of modern Microbiology are demanded for Graduate students. The experiments including the principle and operation of phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope; Microphotography , the technique of photographic enlargement;Applications of polymerase chain reaction ; Construction, transformation and detection of plasmid in E.coli ; Infectivity of virus and its molecular detection ; The technique of protoplast fusion in filamentary fungi ; Induction and purification of β-galactosidase from E.coli and assay the enzyme activity; Detection of GC content and DNA-DNA hybridization in bacteria ; Production , extraction and detection of poly--hyduoxy butyrate from bacteria.

以实验教学为主，要求研究生学习和掌握一些现代微生物学研究所需的基本技术，内容包括：相差显微镜、荧光显微镜的使用和显微摄影技术，PCR技术的应用，细菌质粒的构建、转化及检测技术，病毒的侵染性及其分子检测技术，丝状真菌原生质体融合技术，大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的分离及纯化及其动力学测定技术，细菌G+C mol%的测定及细菌DNA-DNA杂交技术和聚羟基丁酸产生菌的发酵、产物提取及检测技术等。

Total 122 entophytic bacterial strains were categorized preliminarily to 35 groups based on colony morphology. 16S rDNAs were amplified with universal primers of bacteria, all the strains could produce a single band about 1500bp. The PCR products were digested with restriction endoenzyme HaeⅢand Msp Ⅰrespectively, and the different patterns were obtained for each enzyme, by combining all the restriction patterns for the two enzymes, the 122 strains could be grouped into 39 16S rDNA genotypes. The results indicated that endophytic bacteria from oilseed rape were genetically diversity.

分离获得的122株内生细菌，根据菌落形态可以划分为35类；利用细菌通用引物对16S核糖体DNA进行扩增，获得约1.5 kb片段，分别用内切酶HaeⅢ和MspⅠ对扩增产物进行限制性酶切，产生不同的酶切图谱；根据酶切图谱聚类分析结果，所有供试菌株被归为39类，这一结果从遗传上显示油菜内生细菌类群的多样性。

The killing mechanism of cecropin is thought to lyse bacterial cell membrane, causing permeability unbalanced or cytoplasm loss.

目前普遍认为其杀菌机制为膜电位丧失、裂解细菌细胞膜、渗透压失调或胞质流失，是一种细菌不易产生抗性的杀菌机制。

While protamine inhibit or kill bacteria, bacteria are induced a variety of mechanisms to resist it.

在鱼精蛋白抑制细菌的同时，细菌也产生多种机制对抗鱼精蛋白。

This special anti-bacterial ingredients contain anti-bacterial water closet flanges inorganic ions can adsorption in bacteria, the bacteria destroy the inherent components, and in light of the role, with a capacity of oxide ion radicals and reactive oxygen, the bacteria destroy good results.

这种抗菌坐厕盖板含有特殊抗菌成分无机离子，能吸附在细菌上，破坏细菌的固有成分，并在光的作用下，产生具氧化能力的自由基和活性氧离子，杀灭细菌的效果好。

Nitrogenase activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was measured by acetylene reduction assay combined with gas chromatography.

运用乙炔还原法测定了固氮细菌的固氮酶活性，通过测定菌落周围产生的透明圈和混浊圈大小对磷细菌的溶磷活性进行比较，采用火焰分光光度计测定了钾细菌的解钾活性。

In order to obtain lactic acid bacteria using molasses wastewater to produce lactic acid,an activated sludge was sampled from bioreactor with molasses wastewater,and strain MD-9 was isolated by an anaerobic Hungate technique.

乳酸细菌是指一类能利用碳水化合物产生大量乳酸的细菌的通称，在细菌分类学上至少涉及23个属。

And increasing numbers of bacteria in the infections are resistent to antibiotic medicines.

而且随着皮肤上细菌的繁殖，这些细菌对抗感染药物也会产生免疫。

Some strains of the nematode-bearing bacteria were bioassayed for their parasitism. All these bacteria can totally not grow or grows badly on the media incorporating the extracts of pine trees, indicating some substances existing in the trees will harmful to the bacterial strains, which is further convinced by preliminary inoculation showing that single bacterial species will not infect Pinus thugbergii. Hence, the growth and reproduction of the nematode-carrying bacteria, which could produce toxic substances causing the death of the tree cells, is closely related to the nematodes, when they first enter to the trees. In the same time, the activity of bacteria improved the circumstances for which nematodes are living, which in turn will beneficial to the growth of nematodes. Thus, there is a complicated interaction among nematodes, bacteria, and pine trees.

对松材线虫携带的细菌的部分菌株进行了寄生性测定，表明这些细菌在添加松树提取液的细菌培养基中不能生长或基本不能生长，这说明松树体内可能存在某些不利于细菌生长的物质，同时初步的接种试验证实，单独的细菌接种不能感染健康的黑松，因此，线虫携带的致病细菌在最初进入树体时，其生长和繁殖与线虫密切相关，结合细菌产生的毒性物质可造成黑松细胞死亡的情况，说明细菌的生长与线虫有关，同时，细菌的活动改变了线虫在松树内的生长环境，使环境变得有利于线虫的生活，因此，线虫、细菌和松树三者存在着复杂的生物关系。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。