产生平衡的

This dissertation involves the study of the growth dynamics of colloidal particles under unequilibrium and irreversibility condition. Firstly, it is of interest to investigate whether the ideal diffusion or reaction-limited aggregation universal behavior can be observed for the initially polydisperse practical system of basic yttrium carbonate as well. The fractal structure of basic yttrium carbonate aggregate cluster was observed using transmission eletron microscopy. The aggregation kinetics of basic yttrium carbonate colloids was studed using dynamic 1ight-scattering techniques. At 1.00mol/l NaCl solution the fast diffusion-limited aggregation behavior was observed with an increase in the aggregate size over time described by a power law. The aggregates are characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.82. The disordered and ramified cluster is consisted of primary colloidal particles and tenuous and more open. These are in good agreement with those observed for other colloidal system such as colloidal gold (1.86), silica (1.85) and polystyrene latex (1.82) in diffusion-limited aggregation from the static and dynamic light scattering by Lin. Therefore ideal diffusion-limited aggregation behavior can be observed in practical polydisperse system as well. Smoluchwski and fractal theories were used to obtain the aggregation rate constant for initially polydisperse system for the first time.

本论文研究胶粒的非平衡不可逆聚集动态学，分为两个部分，第一部分是通过实验研究一个新的初始多分散的碱式碳酸钇胶粒实际体系中，聚集标度性质的普适性，即使用透射电子显微技术观测聚集粒子簇的分形结构，使用动态激光光散射研究碱式碳酸钇胶粒的聚集动力学，胶粒带电而产生静电排斥作用使得碱式碳酸钇胶粒处于稳定状态，当加入电解质NaCl溶液时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒间的Debye-Hückel屏蔽距离缩短，从而降低静电排斥能垒，引起胶粒发生不可逆聚集，加入电解质NaCl的浓度为1.00mol/l时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒进行快速聚集，经历扩散控制聚集机理，形成结构疏松、更为开放的分形聚集粒子簇，其分形维数为1.82，碱式碳酸钇胶粒聚集增长动力学遵循幂函数增长规律，与Lin等使用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射测量硅胶(1.85)、金胶(1.86)和聚苯乙烯胶乳(1.82)在扩散控制聚集状态形成聚集粒子簇的分形维数值以及粒子簇聚集增长的动力学规律相一致，表明胶粒聚集标度性质的普适性质在初始多分散的实际体系中也是存在的，首次由动态激光光散射的实验数据得到初始多分散胶粒分形粒子簇的聚集速率常数，并且其值与Smoluchowski聚集速率理论预期相符。

Reactive oxygen species causing DNA oxidative damage comes from two kinds of ways:one is from cellular normal physiological metabolism;the other is from outer environment.Redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Recombinant cells were evaluated in monitoring the changes in the redox state of living cells when challenged with toxicologically relevant metal ions NaAsO_2 or Pb(NO_3)_2 by measuring emission intensity at 510 nm with a Hitachi F6500 fluorescence spectrophotometer,roGFP expressed in yeast responded not only to typical membrane-permeant oxidants H_2O_2 and reductants DTT,but also to toxicological metal ion-induced intracellular redox changes in a dose-dependent manner.Moreover,exposure of yeast cells to NaAsO_2 or Pb(NO_3)_2 at concentrations that induced redox changes reported by roGFP caused up to 2～3 fold increases in DNA mutation frequency.This mutagenic effect was largely caused by oxidative stress since blocking the production of hydryl radicals with thiourea significantly reduced the mutation rate as well as delayed the cell death.

本文将对氧化还原状态变化敏感的绿色荧光蛋白roGFP1-R12，在酵母细胞中实现了多拷贝强表达；荧光扫描经强氧化剂H_2O_2和还原剂DTT以及环境中重金属NaAsO_2或Pb(NO_3)_2处理后的酵母细胞悬液，测定510 nm处的荧光发射强度结果显示，表达的绿色荧光蛋白对氧化还原水平敏感，且在510 nm处的荧光强度与一定的重金属浓度呈正相关，即roGFP1-R12在510nm处的荧光发射值随重金属浓度的增高而增强，从而说明重金属对细胞的毒性在一定程度上很可能是通过破坏细胞内的氧化还原平衡发生作用；同时通过该绿色荧光蛋白对胞内氧化还原状态变化的响应情况可以来实时检测环境中的重金属；遗传学的点突变频率及致死率实验数据表明，重金属能导致菌体的点突变频率和致死率升高，且活性氧的清除剂巯基脲能明显降低这种点突变和致死率，说明由重金属引发的这种点突变和致死效应在很大程度上是依赖于重金属对细胞诱导产生的氧化胁迫。

The synthetic study that makes theory into practice is little. And the dissertation of the strategy that base on the core capability is little too. By studying the characteristic of dynamic situation and core capability, the text formulizes the relationship between core capability and the strategy of the enterprises. By means of SWOT, the text takes the important position of time and core capability into account and tries to analyze core capability-based strategy. The text emphasizes the balance between the foundation of core capability and the exertion of core capability in order to acquire the dominance of competitive advantage. By means of PDCA, on the base of the dynamic characteristic of core capability and the strategy, the text integrates the core capability and the strategy together. On the base of the core capability, the text analyzes the strategy of low cost, difference, merger and diversification, and gets the goal and measurement of these kinds of strategy. Through the study of these issues, the text integrates the core capability and strategy, and.

文章从核心能力的特征入手，分析企业所面临的动态环境以及由此而产生的核心能力的动态性的特点，并阐述了核心能力动态性与企业战略之间的关系；本文运用SWOT方法，首次通过对时间因素与核心能、力的重要地位的融合，在基于核心能力的企业战略的分析方法方面进行了尝试性的论述；本文强调对企业的核心能力的构建与其运用进行合理的平衡，以保证企业资源的合理分配及更好的获得企业竞争优势：运用PDCA分析方法，在综合了核心能力与基于核心能力的战略的基础上，将两者综合起来进行动态的分析，力图实现核心能力与战略的更好的结合；另外，本文对传统的低成本与差异化战略进行基于核心能力基础上的分析，大胆提出了通过对核心能力及其要素分解的判断，进行低成本、差异化战略进行选取的方法，并将此方法与传统的低成本、差异化战略的决策模式进行优势比较；也通过与核心能力的结合，对企业购并和多元化战略进行新的角度的分析，得出了基于核心能力的企业购并与多元化战略的分析、制定方法以及实施的注意事项。

This chapter holds China as a host country.(1) It analyzes the data concerning FDI in China and import and export of foreign investment companies, concluding that the foreign investment companies in China have large-scale internal trades.(2) After analyzing the traits of processing trade itself, the development history and traits of processing trade in China, a conclusion is drawn that a large amount of internal trades are contained in the processing trade. It also analyzes the impact of this internal trade on the import and export trade, international balance and international industrial competitive in China.(3) After analyzing the technological structure, absorbent, innovation of FDI utilization in China, the strategy of "exchange market for technology" and pollution concerning the technology introduction, some conclusions are drawn that many severe problems, such as the low-leveled technology introduction structure, low popularizing and innovating rate of technology, market occupation of foreign products, pollution accompany foreign investment, are all have close relationship with the motives and functions of the internal trade.(4) According to the problems and their influences internal trade have on China, suggestions are put forward that China should control internal trade through transferring price, localization and policies attracting foreign investors.

从中国作为东道国的角度，（1）通过对中国引进FDI及外商投资企业进出口贸易的实际资料的多视角分析，得出结论：中国境内的外商投资企业的内部贸易规模是巨大的；（2）通过分析加工贸易本身的特点、我国加工贸易的发展历程、我国发展加工贸易的特点，得出结论：我国利用FDI中的加工贸易包含着大量的内部贸易，并通过实际统计资料，分析了外商加工贸易中内部贸易对我国进出口贸易、国际收支平衡和国际产业竞争力的影响；（3）通过对我国利甩FDI中所引进技术的结构、消化和创新以及&以市场换技术&战略和技术引进中的环境污染等方面的分析，得出结论：技术引进结构低下、技术的传播、波及和创新效应低下、外商产品对中国市场的挤占、外商投资企业所带来的环境污染等重大问题都与跨国公司的内部贸易的动机和功能有关；（4）针对跨国公司内部贸易所产生的种种问题及影响，分析了中国重点应从转移价格、当地化和吸引外资政策三个方面对内部贸易进行管理。

A detailed model of non-linear parametric excitation vibration coupling the stay cable and the girder, in which the static sag as well as the geometric non-linearity are considered, is proposed in this paper. Based on several numeric examples investigated by the Galerkin method composed with the integration strategy, several kinds of factors effecting stay cable parameter vibration are studied. Another parameter vibration model by the axial excitation is presented and the corresponding nonlinear equations are derived. The smallest excitation amplitude,the transient state and steady state resonance amplitudes, and the changing characteristics of the axial force are obtained by using harmonic balance method. According to numerical examples calculated by numerical integration method, the effects of the inner damping of the stay cables are investigated.

本文创新地提出了斜拉桥拉索-桥面耦合参数振动模型，推导了索-桥耦合非线性参数振动方程组，联合Galerkin法及数值积分方法，对各种特性的拉索进行了数值求解，得出了影响拉索参数振动的各种因素；提出了斜拉索受轴向端激励参数振动模型，导出了模型的非线性振动方程，使用谐波平衡法得出了产生参数振动需要的最小激励幅值、共振时瞬态及稳态的振动幅值及索拉力的变化特性，并用数值积分方法对实际斜拉桥拉索进行了计算，分析了拉索阻尼对参数振动的影响。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。