产生作用

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

Ninjutsu is an activated ability that functions only while the card with ninjutsu is in a player's hand.

忍术属于起动式异能，只当具有忍术异能之牌在玩家的手上时产生作用。

43A Ninjutsu is an activated ability that functions only while the card with ninjutsu is in a player's hand.

502.43a 忍术属于起动式异能，只当具有忍术异能之牌在玩家的手上时产生作用。

The thesis explains it from three aspects:the woman movement in Hunan in that period is a necessary part of the national and democratic revolution;the direct achievement of the movement in that period is the improvement of the womens status;the movement greatly influences the social notions, social behaviour and the way of life.

从三个方面进行论述：19世纪末20世纪初湖南妇女运动是民族民主革命的有机组成部分；19世纪末20世纪初湖南妇女运动的直接成果是妇女地位的改善与提高；运动对社会观念、社会行为和生活方式的更新改造产生作用。

When on the asteroid's surface, low gravity situations never apply to the equipment you brought with you---unless you need to leap over a giant canyon.

当在流星表面时，低重力的情况绝对不会对你带的装备产生作用----除非你需要跳过一个大峡谷。

No one's quite figured out how they help, but they do know that carbs provide your brain with a source of tryptophan from which it can make the sleep-inducing neurotransmitter serotonin.

还没有人能够明确指出它们是如何产生作用的。但是已经确定碳水化合物能够给你的大脑提供一种帮助睡眠的色氨酸，增加羟色胺神经递质。

DEBBI RODMAN: But Tong Ren doesn't work for everybody.

诺文 ：但铜人疗法不是对每个人都产生作用。

The result reveals that information about foreign film is affluent while that for foreign literature is relatively small.

而外国文学的信息则从相对数量上来说较少。这在一定程度上表明，不同的外来文化产品，籍互联网产生作用的范围与程度有所不同。

Meantime, there are a few rules that work for everybody.

同时，也有一些规则，对每个人都产生作用。

In deepsea area, the large waves generate tremendous wave forces acting on the breakwaters,and therefore, various new types of breakwaters have been proposed to reduce thoseforces.

在深水海域巨大的波浪将产生作用在防波堤上极大的波浪力，因此开发了多种型式的防波堤以降低波浪力。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。