产业链

The research indicates the Chinese tungsten industry management condition turns better continuously, the performance level raises year by year, the profits is swimming from downstream to upwards tungsten mineral mountains But the index number of Lerner makes know that the Chinese tungsten industry still competes too heavy over a long period of time.(6) On the base of above analysis, this paper puts forward that the target mode of Chinese tungsten industry market structure development is oligopoly, the goal of production structure optimization is to develop high worthy affixture production, so make tungsten industry profits distributes in value link of the mining and mill run, smelt, deeply process.

研究表明，中国钨产业运营状况的不断好转，绩效水平逐年提高，利润正从下游逐渐往上游钨矿山倾斜；但勒纳指数表明，中国钨产业还长期处于过渡竞争状态。6、基于以上分析，提出中国钨产业市场结构发展的目标模式是实现有效竞争的市场格局；产品结构的优化目标是大力发展高附加值的钨产品，使钨产业链各环节的利润按硬质合金、钨矿山和冶炼次序来分布。

Under the market condition that has formed 10 years afore and experience, can more companies are joined, will build an industry chain.

在前10年已经形成的市场情况和体验之下，会有更多的公司加入，来建立一个产业链。

For this, computer virus presents an industrialization feature, form " virus author - pilfer date gang - sale platform - terminal user " whole industry catenary, make and transmit virus to already evolved to be made clear to organize close, division of labor, aforethought network commits a crime, become a kind " network gangdom ".

为此，计算机病毒呈现出产业化特征，形成"病毒作者-盗号团伙-销售平台-终端用户"的完整产业链，制作和传播病毒已演变为组织严密、分工明确、有预谋的网络犯罪，成为一种"网络黑社会"。

At first,the paper defines the core industry chain and the core technology chain.Then,the paper point out that the inchoative pattern of developing countries' synergistic development of industry and technology is not the general pattern of technological progress im...

本文界定了核心产业链和核心技术链的概念；在分析发达国家和发展中国家技术与产业协同发展模式的基础上指出发展中国家技术与产业协同发展的起步模式是"产业发展拉动技术进步"，而非"技术进步推动产业发展"的一般模式；重点研究基于追赶战略的发展中国家核心产业链与核心技术链的协同发展机制，并结合案例来说明。

But in the movement of increasing boost concentration ratios of retailing, the regulation of monopsony is undoubted focus of antitrust policy of every country, therefore the research of the problem will become focus of the field of Industrial Organization.

在国内首次尝试运用买方垄断的理论框架对中间产品市场的买方垄断行为进行一般性分析，并在此基础上以产业链中的制造业一零售业环节为例，具体分析这个产业链环节中存在的买方垄断现象，并探讨其形成的机理。

From the point of the trend of industrial catenary changes, the net swims the market is grinding by produce and sale in experience unifinication specializations to section of development change in the process, such big company is in royal, giant to " kind channel " way develops, from originally the mode of entire industry catenary of high risk, aweather danger compares low open mode platform to develop relatively.

从产业链变迁的趋势来看，网游市场正在经历由产销研一体化向分段专业化发展的变革过程之中，盛大、巨人这样的大企业都在向&类渠道&的方向发展，从原本高风险的全产业链模式，向风险相对比较低的开放式平台发展。

As an example of "enterprises + milk stations + farmers",the study gives a comprehensive analysis of vertical organizational relationship of dairy industry chain in real terms of economic,and points out the incompleteness of the vertical combination in dairy industry chain.

以&公司+奶站+农户&为例，全面分析乳品产业链纵向组织关系的经济学实质，指出目前在中国占主导地位的纵向约束的乳品产业链的联结方式存在不完备性。

Currently, Midea has the most sizeable and complete Air Conditioner production chain and Microwave oven production chain, holding the most sizeable and complete small household appliances and kitchen appliances industry groups, with products of residential AC, commercial AC, large-scale central AC, electric fan, electric cooker, refrigerator, microwave oven, water dispenser, washing machine, electric warmer, dish washer, induction cooker, water heater, cooking utensils, sterilizing cabinet, electric chafing dish, electric oven, vacuum cleaner and small household appliances, as well as the household appliances accessory products, such as compressor, electric motor, magnetron, transformer and enameled wire etc.

美的集团主要产品有家用空调、商用空调、大型中央空调、风扇、电饭煲、冰箱、微波炉、饮水机、洗衣机、电暖器、洗碗机、电磁炉、热水器、灶具、消毒柜、电火锅、电烤箱、吸尘器、小型日用电器等大小家电和压缩机、电机、磁控管、变压器、漆包线等家电配套产品，拥有中国最大最完整的空调产业链和微波炉产业链，拥有中国最大最完整的小家电产品和厨房用具产业集群。

At last, it uses regional developing economics and regional innovation theory to puts forward the strategic of adjusting industrial structure. The total train of thought is as follow. First, strengthening the Pearl River Delta, building the Pearl River Delta into the main electronic information product manufacturing center, national software industry center and information technology application center. Then extending to Hong Kong and Macro to make up the weakness of the Pearl River Delta. To the aspect of fund and information, it must extend to under-developing regions, draw up individual chain, transfer some industrial chain that losing strength to under-developing regions.

再综合运用了发展经济学、区域创新理论，提出以珠三角为突破口，着眼于珠三角经济区信息产业的综合优势，打破地区界限，进行产业结构调整，总的思路是：首先在继续做大做强珠三角地区，把珠三角建成国际主要的电子信息产品制造业基地、国内重要的软件产业基地和国内先进的信息技术推广应用基地的基础上，外延港澳地区，增大珠三角，弥补珠三角的劣势：资金和信息方面，内延欠发达地区，制定各地区的个性化产业链，把部分丧失优势的产业链转移到欠发达地区。

An integrated chain analysis methodology was proposed to describe the profit possibility of firm-based industrial ecosystems,which combined material flow analysis and chain analysis of economic value.

案例研究表明产业链系统的物质循环利用帮助义马集团将其赢利率从其主业-煤炭采掘业的39%提高到整个产业链系统的80%。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了