交配

It includes as follows:(1) That the right acceptance probability to decide the initial value temperature should be 0.6 are presented by experiment. For the first time, crossover and mutation operator are used in populations to calculate the initial value of temperature. At least the initial value of temperature is 〓.(2) Replacing random change operator with crossover and mutation operators.

2使用遗传算法中交配与突变代替模拟退火算法中随机扰动操作，对两种操作方法进行定性分析，得到突变和交配操作与随机扰动方法在本质上的一致性；同时首次提出在不同温度条件下，使用不同的比例因子，控制参与交配与突变的基因位数，实现了二次使用模拟退火算法的过程。

When male mated consecutively in a night, mating interval, duration for mating, each mounting, intromission and the last mount, and copulatory mass kept constant, suggesting that male possess a pattern of constant mating investment, which might result from intense sperm competition in this species.

雄兽连续交配时，交配间隔、交配持续时间、每次爬跨持续时间、总爬跨持续时间、最后一次爬跨持续时间、射精持续时间等行为参数以及交配栓的重量均保持不变。表明雄兽具有恒定的交配投资模式，这种模式可能起因于该物种雄性之间激烈的精子竞争。

By the contrast between common population and inbreeding population, we know that the sameness of them are they all take the population for the synthesis of panmixia and selfing or inbreeding.

通过普通群体与近亲交配群体的比较，群体在非平衡条件下，普通群体与近亲交配群体相同的是都把群体作为随机交配和自交或近亲交配两部分的合成群体。

For allopatric species, asymmetric ethological isolation was apparent in crosses between O. chinensis formosana and O. yezoensis: females of O . chinensis formosana readily accepted males of O. yezoensis, but females of O. yezoensis show reluctance to males of O. chinensis formosana; howe ver, in either reciprocal cross sperms were transferred.

分布不重叠的中华稻蝗台湾亚种与小翅稻蝗之间，小翅稻蝗的雌虫与中华稻蝗台湾亚种雄虫的交配率显著低于种内交配，反向交配时则和种内交配率无显著差异；正反交配都能完成精子传送，显示出不对称、不完全的行为隔离，而无机械隔离的存在。

When mating virgin females, males decreased investment in the form of copulatory plug, but increased investment in the form of behaviors, such as increased mating duration, shorten mating interval, longer duration for mountings and intromissions.

雄性与处女兽交配所形成的交配栓明显减小，却增加了行为上的交配投资，表现为与处女兽交配时交配持续时间较长、交配间隔较短、总爬跨持续时间和总插入持续时间较长。

Uses giemsa's dye and microscope observe bursa copulatrix sperm of silkworm directly, artificial insemination using the sperm, the studies shows: The seminal fluid is similar in the male moth seminal vesicle and in the female bursa copulatrix after mating 20 to 30 minute, and the seminal fluid is contains large number of eupyrene sperm bundles and not be activated.

采用姬姆萨染色及显微镜下直接观察家蚕交配囊中精液，并用交配囊精液进行人工授精，研究发现：交配20~30 min雌蛾交配囊中精液与雄蛾储精囊中精液一样，精液未被活化，含有大量有核精子束。

The mate choice of Brandt′s voles Microtus brandti was investigated in the laboratory to study the mating system of this species. It was found that the female voles spent significantly more time visiting the partners than the strange males, but the male voles did not show any preference of the partners to the strange females. A female vole showed no difference in the copulatory behavior between an unfamiliar male and a familiar male which had copulated with her for 15 minutes, but she visited and fought the unfamiliar male significantly more than the familiar male. A male vole significantly preferred visiting and mating with an unfamiliar oestrous female to a familiar female which had copulated with him for 15 minutes.

在实验室通过布氏田鼠对配偶与陌生异性鼠、已交配和未交配异性鼠、熟悉和陌生异性鼠三种情况下配偶选择的实验研究，结果表明：雌性布氏田鼠对配偶的选择显著地要多于陌生雄鼠；虽然对陌生和熟悉雄鼠选择差异不显著，但对陌生鼠的选择强度要高于熟悉雄鼠；同时对已交配和未交配雄鼠的选择无显著差异。

Cotton bollwormis a polyandrous insect, and it can carry out the seconcd mating after 1d post-first-mating, and the loss substance in MAG can be compoletely supplemented with24-36hrs after mating.

棉铃虫虫是一种多次交配的昆虫，雄蛾交配后一天即可进行二次交配，交配后的棉铃虫雄蛾MAG腔内损失的物质只需24-36小时即可补充完毕。

The calling and copulation behaviour of Ancylis sativa Liu had a dielperiodicity.The female moths began to calling at the first day and increasedto 100% at the second day,then the percentage of calling decreasedgradually from the third day to the fifth day,only 16.7% of females showingcalling behaviour at the sixth day.The effect of environmentaltemperature on calling behaviour of Ancylis sativa Liu was studied duringadult life at 16℃,21℃,26℃ and 31℃.The result showed differenttemperature during adult life affected significantly the calling behaviour ofvirgin females.There was considerable variability in the calling patternsamong the different temperature groups,the higher the temperature was,thelater females called,the shorter the calling behaviour lasted.The copulationbehaviour of Ancylis sativa Liu can be divided into following squence:female calling,male responsing,male approaching female,hairpencil displayingand copulating.

枣粘虫求偶和交配行为研究结果表明，在光周期为14L：10D、温度为21℃下，越冬代枣粘虫雌蛾的求偶高峰期为黑暗期6.0-8.0小时，求偶活动以羽化后1-3天表现强烈，第二天求偶百分率高达100％，第4天开始，求偶百分率下降，到第6天仅为16.7％；环境温度对枣粘虫雌蛾的求偶活动有明显的影响，随着温度的下降，求偶高峰期明显提前，求偶高峰期的持续时间变长，在21、26、31℃下，求偶百分率接近或达到100％，在16℃下，仅为43％；枣粘虫的交配行为可分为雌蛾求偶、雄蛾反应、雄蛾接近雌蛾、打开味刷及交配成功等阶段；交配活动也以羽化后前3天表现强烈；第1、2代在黑暗周期中的交配高峰期比越冬代推后1-2.5小时；越冬代枣粘虫的交尾持续时间多为3-4小时，第1、2代比越冬代短；越冬代交尾前期多为2-3天，第1、2代多为1-2天，少数羽化当天便可交尾；雌雄成虫均有多次交尾习性，雄蛾最高交尾6次，平均3.3次，雌蛾最多交尾3次，平均1.5次，在田间自然条件下，大多数越冬代雌雄成虫只交尾1次，第1、2代交尾次数有所增高，第1、2代成虫交配率明显高于越冬代。

The fertile ratio of isolates from Jiangsu was 22.77%on average. Among them only 23 crosses produced ascospores and the ratio was 7.1%. But the fertile ratio showed great variation annually, 26.61%in 1997, 8.26%in 1998 and 33.64%in 1999 respectively. In addition, the fertile ratio of tested isolates collected from different areas was also dissimiar., 26.15%and 25.42%from Tongzhou and Ganyu, and only 15.38%from Yixing.

不同年份、不同地区采集的稻瘟病菌菌株的性亲和力和交配型有较大的差异，三年的交配率分别为26.61%、8.26%和33.64%；通州地区和赣榆地区菌株的交配率相对较高，分别为26.15%和25.42%，宜兴地区菌株的交配率较低，只有15.38%。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。