交通拥挤

The paper presents a classification of six typical traffic states based on real-detected data and traffic flow model,and then an introduction of the definition and identification method of "state transition" to explain congestion mechanism.A comparison is conducted between "State transition" and B S Kerner's "phase transition",and an analysis is made of its characteristics at different sections and in different hours.

基于实测数据和交通流模型，划分了六种典型交通状态，提出了"状态跳转"的概念及判别方法以解释拥挤机理；对比了状态跳转与B S Kerner的"相变"理论的差异及其随路段、时段的变化规律；最后给出了拥挤阈值的定义、指标、确定方法，分析了影响因素及与交通控制的关系。

This article, takes Sudirman Badminton Cup in the Capital Stadium for example, analyses pedestrian flow characters of special games stadium areas, and explains the traffic characters and behavior of pedestrian flow in crowed conditions and different the Level of Service.

众所周知，第29届奥运会将于2008年在北京举办，这将是我国承办的最大型的国际性大型赛事，届时将引发世界规模最大的人群聚集与流动，奥运场馆区域的步行交通是整个奥运交通系统的起始点和终止点，密集的行人交通流将会对人行道、人行天桥等交通设施及奥运场馆通道、看台、公共活动场所等行人空间提出较高要求，任何拥挤、堵塞和混乱都会影响奥运比赛的顺利进行。

By combining cell-transit model with variational inequality formation of dynamic transportation analysis, the cell-based variational inequality formulation of dynamic user optimal assignment model is used to evaluate quantificational the affection of different management strategies cutting traffic congestion.

本文在平衡交通流分析框架下，着重研究了行人自行车对平衡交通流的影响分析、拥挤道路使用收费对平衡交通流的影响分析、基于元胞-变分不等式动态交通模型的交通评价和区域出入口交通需求O-D矩阵估计技术四个基本问题。

The forenamed methods and models reflect the essence and changing rule of traffic demand, explain the demand impaction from congestion pricing policy, and settle the theory foundation for designing bus fee model and policy under congestion pricing.

上述方法和模型揭示了交通需求的本质和变化规律，解释了拥挤定价对交通需求的影响，为构造拥挤定价下的公交收费模型和策略设计奠定了理论基础。

Traffic state contains unimpeded traffic, crowding traffic and congesting traffic. The classification of traffic state is on the base of parameters from video: vehicle speed, occupancy and the grade of traffic state which up to sugeno fuzzy deduction.

交通状态即道路的拥挤状态，分为：顺畅，拥挤，拥堵；交通状态的分类是利用视频提取的交通流参数：车速和占有率，经过sugeno型模糊推理获得交通状态的级别。

The paper presents a classification of six typical traffic states based on real-detected data and traffic flow model,and then an introduction of the definition and identification method of "state transition" to explain congestion mechanism.A comparison is conducted between "State transition" and B S Kerner's "phase transition",and an analysis is made of its characteristics at different sections and in different hours.

基于实测数据和交通流模型，划分了六种典型交通状态，提出了&状态跳转&的概念及判别方法以解释拥挤机理；对比了状态跳转与B S Kerner的&相变&理论的差异及其随路段、时段的变化规律；最后给出了拥挤阈值的定义、指标、确定方法，分析了影响因素及与交通控制的关系。

If the hiring manager asks if traffic was heavy or if you had problems finding your way to the office, offer more than just a "yes" or "no" answer.

如果招聘经理询问是否交通拥挤、是否找到办公室遇到困难，不要仅仅回答&是&或&不适&。

As the traffic was very busy on that road, we turned off onto Broadway.

由于那条路上交通拥挤，我们改走百老汇大街。

In recent years, there's been a rebirth of a number of downtown area as suburbanites, especially young married couples, have moved into the city to avoid roads fill ed with traffic between the suburbs and the cities every morning and evening.

近年来，随着郊区居民，特别是年轻夫妻，为避免每天早晚奔波在交通拥挤的城郊道路上而搬到城里住，不少闹市区又重新出现了。

In recent years, there's been a rebirth of a number of downtownareas as suburbanites, especially young married couples, have movedinto the city to avoid roads filled with traffic between the subu-rbs and the cities every morning and evening.

近年来，随着郊区居民，特别是年轻夫妻，为避免每天早晚奔波在交通拥挤的城郊道路上而搬到城里住，不少闹市区又重新出现了。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。