交通

Furthermore, the main drawback for constructing the traffic institution in the special culture situation in China is the lack of supervise, the inefficiency of current intelligent traffic institution, the disjointedness of executive standard for traffic police and the statute standard, the simplification of the punisher, the rigidity of punishment standard, the lack of punishment dynamics, and bad influence of the traffic institution based on human relationship, and the lack of public traffic consciousness.

得出在特定的文化环境中，构建交通制度信任的主要障碍在于，制度管理过程中监督力度不足、没有完全发挥出现有智能交通系统的作用、交警现场执法标准与法规脱节、惩罚主体单一化、惩罚的标准僵化、惩罚力度不够、以关系为主的人际信任对交通制度信任产生负影响、公众交通意识低等。

This paper presents a virtual electronic technology development, traffic signal design, Traffic lights and the design method; Comprehensive analysis and comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the design method, The topic of virtual electronic technology used to achieve the main streets and secondary streets crossroads of the traffic signal controller design electronic workbench to the traffic signal control circuit simulation.

本文首先简要介绍虚拟电子技术的发展、交通信号灯设计的作用、以及交通信号灯的各种设计方法；综合分析比较各种设计方法的优缺点，本课题采用虚拟电子技术实现主要街道和次要街道十字路口的交通灯控制器的设计，采用电子工作台EWB对交通信号灯控制电路进行仿真。

Thus it provides a fruitful approach to solve complex problems.Stemming from the key project——"Research on Dynamic Congestion Warning and Evanesce Decision-making for Urban Traffic Network", funded by Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC under Grant 2006BA6016,on the basis of reviewing the existing outcome in this field, this dissertation introduces computing intelligence theory to make a comprehensive and deep research on several important problems from urban traffic guidance system.

因此，本学位论文依托重庆市科学技术委员会自然科学基金计划项目——智能交通系统重点项目"城市交通路网拥堵动态预警与疏导决策技术研究"(项目编号：CSTC，2006BA6016)，在总结该领域现有研究成果的基础上，引入新兴起的计算智能理论，对交通诱导系统研究中应解决的若干关键理论问题进行了较为全面深入的研究，试图解决目前城市交通诱导领域存在的一些疑难问题。

Freightage is the main part of the transport, and it"s the time of the third adjustment of industrial structure. So it"s important to value the impact of the industrial structure on transportation, so that to offer an academic foundation to the whole planning of transport.

交通货运业是交通运输业的一个重要部分，而当前我国正处在第三次产业结构调整的关键时期，"如何全面衡量产业结构的变化对交通货运业的影响，从而为交通运输业进一步制定合理的发展战略提供依据"成为又一个研究课题。

OD matrix is the fundamental data in transportation planning,and is the basis of the urban traffic planning,traffic control and management.

0引言OD矩阵是交通运输规划研究的基础资料之一，是城市交通规划、控制与管理等工作的基础，它能揭示出城市交通症结的原因、交通需求与土地利用、经济活动等相互关系的规律[1]。

By virtue of the instantaneous velocity of vehicles and precise time information supplied by GPS, a mathematic model can be established.

在利用GPS对车辆的定位与导航的基础上，进一步利用GPS提供的即时速度和准确的时间信息，通过数学建模，得到交通流量，平均车速，行程时间，车道占有率等一系列重要交通状况信息，以实现交通状况的实时检测，为城市交通管理系统智能化的实现提供必要保证。

With the expand of urban scope, great change have taken place in railroad hinge, many internuncial lines and lateral lines had been surrounded. Former status and function had been losed , capacity of transportation is surplus. Utilizing disengaged equipments and establishment to develop urban railway to service citizen , is becoming one of important approach to solved urban traffic jam.In this article, there are two important parts.

本论文在此双重背景下，以铁路参与城市客运为目标，通过分析国内外城市交通和轨道交通的现状及特点，在研究国有铁路参与城市轨道交通运营的可行性、必要性的基础上，对参与的重要性和意义进行分析，并对国铁参与城市轨道交通运营管理模式和行车组织方式做出了详细的论证和阐述。

Traffic cost and capacity of road, as the intrinsic property of traffic network, play an important role in qualitative analysis of the dynamical behavior of traffic network.

交通费用和交通容量作为交通网络的固有属性，对定性分析交通网络的动力学行为具有至关重要的作用。

In limit the foundation that comments a system to go up, the article is built from course theory, isogon of effect of traffic of integrated traffic and division into districts, branch, city traffic, space spends area, reviewed our country traffic to carry geographical development history and research process and newest progress, comb this course from 20 centuries the development since 20 time is mixed the macroscopical sequence of thought of research, undertake be summed up simply and be commentinged to its.

在界定评述体系的基础上，本文从学科理论构筑、区域综合交通与区划、部门交通、城市交通、空间效应等角度，回顾了我国交通运输地理学的发展历史和研究过程以及最新进展，梳理出该学科自20世纪20年代以来的发展和研究的宏观脉络，并对其进行简单总结和评述。

Considering Guangzhou urban rail transit planning, this paper discusses the policy to control and reserve the land along the rail lines as well as the measures for reserving the land step by step so as to provide the land for urban railway construction and to enable the government to finance urban railway construction.

结合广州市轨道交通规划的编制，探讨对城市轨道交通沿线土地进行控制与储备的规划保障政策，论述分阶段对城市轨道交通沿线可开发土地进行储备，为城市轨道交通工程建设提供用地支持，保证政府筹集地铁建设资金的政策措施。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。