交通

In this thesis we introduce this theory into the traffic simulation of cloverleaf and provide a new method in research of the urban traffic simulation. In this system, we use the modeling method of multi-Agent to build the Road Agent, Vehicle Agent, Detector Agent, etc and also provide the intellective decision-making unit and communicate pipe for each Agent.

本文将多智能体技术引入到了立交交通仿真中，采用多智能体的系统建模思路，将车辆、道路、检测器等以智能体的形式建模，并为每个交通元素建立独立的智能决策单元及相互通信的通道，使整个交通仿真系统在各交通智能体的不断交互过程中完成整个仿真系统的运行。

First, the traffic flow time series chaotic feature is extracted by chaos theory. pretreatment for traffic flow time series, and the wavelet neural networks model was build by this. Second, the chaotic mechanism and the chaotic probability is described. Based on chaotic learning algorithm, and the wavelet neural networks fast learning algorithm of traffic flow time series is designed based on chaotic algorithm. Last, a single-step and multi-step prediction of traffic flow chaotic time series is researched by BP neural networks, wavelet neural networks and wavelet neural networks based on chaotic algorithm. The results showed that the wavelet neural networks predictive performance is better than the BP networks and the wavelet neural networks by the simulation results and root-mean-square value.

首先，通过混沌理论提取了交通流量时间序列的混沌特征，并在此基础上建立了小波神经网络交通流量时间序列模型；接着，阐述了混沌学习算法的混沌机理、混沌产生的概率，设计了基于混沌算法的小波神经网络交通流量混沌时间序列快速学习算法；最后利用交通流量混沌时间序列对BP网络、非混沌算法的小波神经网络以及基于混沌算法的小波神经网络进行了单步预测和多步预测，并对预测结果的仿真图和真实值与预测值的方均根进行了比较，结果表明基于混沌学习算法的小波神经网络的预测性能明显优于应用BP网络和非混沌算法的小波神经网络。

At last, by the simulation results and root-mean-square value, the traffic FIRTF neural networks learning and prediction owned on a better advantages, because that the traffic flow FIRTF and the adaptive algorithm combination integrated gda-BP networks, gdm-BP networks, gda-feedback-BP networks and gdm-feedback-BP networks of the four characteristics.

最后，通过交通流量时间序列数据进行了试验分析，说明交通流量FIRTF神经网络以及其于混沌机理的交通流量FIRTF自适应算法综合了gda-BP网络、gdm-BP网络、gda-feedback-BP网络和gdm-feedback-BP网络的特点，使得交通流量FIRTF神经网络在训练和预测的速度上占有很大的优势。

On one hand, land owners and house developers get the external benefit by paying nothing; on the other hand, urban rail transit enterprises should face the shortage of the construction fund, and always has to run at a loss because of affording great amount of construction expenses and operation cost.; This paper has introduced the relation between urban rail transit and urban land utilization, stated the external effect of the rail transportation, and qualitatively analyzed the influence brought to the urban form, social economy and environment.

一方面土地所有者和住宅开发者等不需要付出任何代价就可以得到轨道交通外部效益；另一方面轨道交通建设面临资金短缺问题，轨道交通企业往往也会因负担高额的建设费用与运营成本而导致企业亏本。；因此，实现城市轨道交通与土地利用一体化研究是具有十分重要的现实意义。

Car-following model is an important part of the traffic flow theory. It is important for the study of traffic safety, transportation management, capability of road transportation and service level.

跟驰模型从交通流的基本元素——人车单元运动与相互作用的层次上分析交通流微观特性，对交通安全、交通管理、通行能力、服务水平等方面的分析都有着重要的意义。

Forum of science and technology of project of Chinese Academy of Engineering decided the 31st times " our country integrated traffic carries development strategy " theme, on October 22, 2004 hold in Xi'an traffic university, sessional a day.

交通是经济发展的基础，对保障国民经济持续、协调、健康发展，对建设全面小康社会和国防现代化具有十分重要的作用。50多年来，非凡是近10年来我国交通运输业取得了巨大发展，长期存在的运输紧张状况得到了缓解，对国民经济的"瓶颈"制约得到改善，但现有交通运输体系还不能完全适应我国国民经济和社会发展的需要，加强综合交通体系规划与治理的研究对经济建设和社会发展有着极其重大的意义。

Basing on background of urban transportation planning, the thesis presents a STDM of urban transportation and gives a special emphasis to spatiotemporal representation of point feature, line feature and area feature of transportation planning basic information, treatment of disaggregate travel data, and management of planning project.

本论文以城市交通规划为背景，对城市交通规划时空数据模型的设计方法进行了讨论，提出了一个城市交通规划时空数据模型。论文着重对交通规划基础信息面状要素、线状要素、点状要素时空表达，分解出行数据的时空表达，以及规划方案信息的管理进行了研究。

This year, with the supports of the leaders from competent authorities, the media and the people in general, the "Road Safety Starts With Me" public education campaign was launched in Shanghai, comprising a number of activities including the telephone kiosk posters, the traffic safety column on Xinmin Evening News, the ongoing online road safety awareness contest, as well as traffic safety posters to be distributed to communities in Shanghai by the Oct.

今年，在上海有关部门领导、媒体、公众的大力支持下，"交通安全，从我做起"宣传教育活动得以在上海展开，例如6-7月开展的电话亭宣传活动、新民晚报上的交通安全专栏、这次的网上交通安全知识竞赛以及即将在"十一"佳节前向上海市社区发放的交通安全公益海报。

Computed with data produced by a traffic simulation system, a minimal cycle under simulation is concluded In view of the situation that short-term traffic flow is disturbed more tempestuously, the multiresolution decomposition and reconstruction method of wavelets is introduced to construct a muliresolution time-series forecast model.

与一般交通管理中的仿真系统相比较，本文研究中所使用的仿真系统是一种基于车辆的交通流微观仿真系统，克服了宏观仿真过于简单、笼统的不足；在交通流的处理过程中，建立应用了多种描述不确定性的模型，比较真实地再现了路网上交通流过程；从实现手段上，仿真系统采用了面向对象的分析设计方法，使系统具有良好的结构和较强的可扩充性、适用性。

This article, takes Sudirman Badminton Cup in the Capital Stadium for example, analyses pedestrian flow characters of special games stadium areas, and explains the traffic characters and behavior of pedestrian flow in crowed conditions and different the Level of Service.

众所周知，第29届奥运会将于2008年在北京举办，这将是我国承办的最大型的国际性大型赛事，届时将引发世界规模最大的人群聚集与流动，奥运场馆区域的步行交通是整个奥运交通系统的起始点和终止点，密集的行人交通流将会对人行道、人行天桥等交通设施及奥运场馆通道、看台、公共活动场所等行人空间提出较高要求，任何拥挤、堵塞和混乱都会影响奥运比赛的顺利进行。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。