交流

Experiences in forms of story telling, poetry reading, comic dialogue, allegretto, rap and other folk arts

各国青、少年朋友在一起用讲故事、诗歌朗诵、相声、快板、说唱等各国民间艺术的形式来有趣欢乐，畅快随意地交流各国文化和

Students from all countries will have exchanges on the culture of their counties and innovation experiences in forms of story telling, poetry reading, comic dialogue, allegretto, rap and other folk arts.

各国青、少年朋友在一起用讲故事、诗歌朗诵、相声、快板、说唱等各国民间艺术的形式来有趣欢乐，畅快随意地交流各国文化和学习心得及创新体验。

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

A toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores as pyrite

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With normal ceramic or AlNiCo magnets, one would have to go to much greater lengths to build a alternator which efficiently produces this kind power at such low rpm.

与正常陶瓷或铝镍钴磁铁，人们会去更大的长度，以建立一个有效的交流而产生这种力量在如此低的转速。

High-tech company NEC has come up with a device that it says wil alow users to communicate with people of different languages.

据发明这款眼镜的日本高科技公司NEC称，这款眼镜可以让使用者与说不同语言的人进行交流。

To date, many mycologists study the taxonomic criteria at Alternaria species level by many means, but there are some confusion and divergent views.

许多研究者从很多方面研究了链格孢的种级分类标准，但是目前在多种分类方法所得到的结论，及这些方法在链格孢种级分类中的作用等方面存在一些争议和混乱，这些现象给链格孢的发展和交流，及应用研究带来了很大影响。

These signals may be substituted with an alternate set of signals agreed upon by the group.

这些信号可以被团队事先交流定出的一套信号取替。

This is an alternating current generator.

这是一台交流发电机。

Is a professional company specialized in producing alternating current motor and electric machine control system.

大连Sterlin电机有限公司是一家专业公司专业生产交流电机和电机控制系统。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。