交换机

Warren, clutching his favorite possession, a nickel-plated money changer, a gift from his auntAlice, looks far less happy than called for by the occasion.

沃伦紧紧抱着他心爱的"私人财物"，一个镀金的钱币交换机，那是爱丽丝姑妈给他的礼物，看起来远没有圣诞节时候应用的快乐。

We present a SNMP-based topology discovery algorithm using direct connection theorem and simple connection theorem for judging relationship of switches in subnets. In order to in discover the map of network without SNMP, several key problems such as subnet guessing and multi-address routers are discussed in details. And then a topology discovery algorithm based on primitive protocols is presented. We also deeply study some routing protocols such as OSPF and BGP and propose a routing-protocols-based algorithm for topology discovery.

基于判断交换机互联的直接连接定理和间接连接定理，提出了一种完整的基于SNMP的拓扑发现算法；详细讨论了子网获取、多址路由器处理等关键问题，针对不同的网络环境给出了相应的解决方案，并以此为基础提出了一种基于通用协议的拓扑发现算法；在对OSPF，BGP等网络路由协议进行分析的基础上给出了一种基于路由协议的拓扑发现算法，并设计了一个自上而下的拓扑发现框架结构。

Multilayer switches that provide Layer 2 and 3 functionality, for example, are now appearing in the marketplace.

多层交换机，提供第2层和3个功能，例如，现在出现在市场。

Multistation access unit breaks ?

如果交换机与多端访问单元之间的电缆突然断开，令牌

This shows that the switch port and NIC speed and mode should be consistent.

这说明交换机的端口与网卡的速率和工作模式应当一致。

Local loop transmission from the central office to the customer's premises, unbundled from local switching or other services. Local transport from the trunk side of a wireline local exchange carrier switch unbundled from switching or other services. Local switching unbundled from transport, local loop transmission, or other services. Non-discriminatory access to 911, directory assistance and operator call completion services. White pages directory listings for customers of the other carrier's telephone exchange service. Nondiscriminatory access to telephone numbers for assignment to the other carrier's telephone exchange service customers. Nondiscriminatory access to databases and associated signaling necessary for call routing and completion. Telecommunications number portability. Nondiscriminatory access to services or information to allow the requesting carrier to implement local dialing parity (the ability to complete a connection without the use of additional access codes). Reciprocal compensation arrangements.

清单的内容总的可以概括为：申请与BOC进行互连的电信公司须提供与BOC相同的话音质量；平等访问网络元件；以公正合理的速度平等接入由BOC拥有或控制的电线杆、管道、导管以及通行权；中央局至用户住宅的本地环路传输，其定价与本地交换业务或其他业务定价分开进行；从本地电话公司交换机中继端开始的本地传输与交换业务或其它业务分别定价；本地交换业务与传输业务、本地环路传输业务或其他业务分开定价；平等访问911应急电话、电话指南和话务员呼叫完成业务；享用其他电话公司电话交换服务的电话黄页；平等访问分配给其他电信公司用户的电话号码；平等访问呼叫路径和呼叫完成所需的数据库以及相关信令；电信号码便于记忆；平等访问服务或信息，使电信公司实现本地等位拨号（不需拨打任何接入码即可完成电话连接的功能）；提供相互补偿。

This article introduces the Canadian Northern Telecom Meridian Integrated Services Digital program-controlled switchboard system composition, the use of signaling to the introduction of maintenance circuit card display board and the displaying contents of the note.

介绍了加拿大北方电信Meridian综合业务数字程控交换机的系统构成、使用信令、维护显示器的电路卡板及其显示内容。

In Oceanside, stop in Hertz Yard where the Chemical Plant Switcher (Borrowed UP MP15) will come.

在欧辛塞德，停止在那里赫兹场化工厂交换机（桑向上MP15 ）会。

They are ring detection, off-hook control, dual-tone multi- frequencies integrated circuit, decodes and lock, controlled extension processing circuit, bell simulation circuit, and busy-tone checking circuit.

交换机主要由铃流检测、摘机控制、双音频DTMF识别、译码锁存、控制分机接通电路、模拟铃音电路、忙音检测电路7模块组成。

Alternatively, the records can be transferred to an off-line system for processing, to reduce the load on the exchange.

或者是，将记录传送到脱机系统去处理，以降低交换机的负荷。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。