交换

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

They found that the marine atmosphere and the coastal ocean actually exchange buoyance and momentum within the meso-scale spatial and temporal domains of both fluids, spanning two to two thousand kilometers and ten minutes to ten hours on the atmospheric side and one to one thousand kilometers and seconds to two weeks on the ocean side.

他们在长期的研究中发现，在大陆沿海和近海区域的大气和海洋之间的相互作用实际上是在多种中尺度范围(空间尺度：对大气，2-2000km；对海洋，1-1000km；时间尺度：对大气，10分钟到10小时的量级；对海洋，几秒到两个星期)内的热量和动量的相互交换。

The bureaucrat received a lot of money from this company in exchange of some secret information related to its competitors.

这个官员拿了这家公司很多钱，以交换这家公司的竞争对手秘密情报。

In fact, I was at Stanford Business School students, come here to do the exchange.

其实，我是斯坦福商学院的学生，来这里做交换生的。

"I am sick of this useless butchery of young Americans, and in exchange of these four days of weather favorable to combat, I will provide you enough Boches to keep your accountants occupied with months of work."

我再也不能忍受这些美国年轻人遭受无意义的屠杀，我会送给你足够的德国鬼子保证让你在天国的会计师们忙上整个月来交换这4天适合作战的好天气的。

The Kinetics and mechanism of esterification of α-methyl butyric acid with ion exchange resin are studied.

研究利用离子交换树脂催化α－甲基丁酸酯化反应的动力学和反应机理。

We used ion-exchange method to remove butyric acid from fermentation broth.

采用离子交换法吸附发酵液中的丁酸，从18种树脂中筛选出了1种对丁酸吸交性能较好的树脂A。

Ion exchange resin ; structure ; kinetics ;α-methyl butyric acid

离子交换树脂；表面结构；反应动力学；α－甲基丁酸

With packet switching, the communications capacity of a network can be increased by a factor of 100 or more.

由于 使用分组交换技术，网络的通信能力提高了100倍甚至更多。数字网络的倍甚至更多。

The site that there are a lot of kinds now exists at any time by the possibility of K, for example: Belle picture kind, pornography kind, illicit take kind, lottery kind, gamble kind wait for a likelihood to be involved break the law, the site that hitting edge ball suggests to be not exchanged with them, if their site by K, you not know the inside story, at any time likelihood by complicity.

现在有很多类型的站点都存在随时被K的可能性，例如：美女图片类，色情类，私服类，彩票类，赌博类等可能涉及到违法，打着擦边球的站点建议不要去和他们交换，如果他们的站点被K，你们又不知情，随时可能被连累。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。