交换

In the 2nd one we have already a+(b+1)= a+b'='=+1,this is the first step of associative law for addition,further more we can verify the associative law and commutative law for addition.

而在第二条中已经有a+(b+1)= a+b'='=+1，就是加法结合律的第一步，进而可以验证加法交换律和结合律。

As a branch of modern algebra , finite fields is an abstract system in algebra which satisfies operational laws such as associative law, commutative law, distributive law etc.

作为近世代数学的一个分支，有限域是一个拥有传统算术四则运算的抽象代数系统，它满足结合律、交换律、分配律、消去律等运算法则。

The operation laws including:commutative law, associative law, cancellation law, unity of operation, inverse element, and distributive law between two operations,here we just omit them.

这些运算律包括：交换律，结合律，消去律，运算单位元，运算逆元，两个运算之间的分配律等，在此不再一一说明详细过程。

More complex laws such as commutativity and associativity must be incorporated .

更加复杂的规律如交换性和结合性的合并。

Fundamentally, counter trade refers to the direct exchange of assorted kinds of goods and services.

实质上，反向贸易指的是各种货物和服务的直接交换。

B Benefit and detriment Historically, the mon law action of debt was said to require a quid pro quo, and that requirement may have led to statements that consideration must be a benefit to the promisor But contracts were enforced in the mon-law action of assumpsit without any such requirement; in actions of assumpsit the emphasis was rather on the harm to the promisee, and detrimental reliance on a promise may still be the basis of contractual relief See 90 But reliance is not essential to the formation of a bargain, and remedies for breach have long been given in cases of exchange of promise for promise where neither party has begun to perform Today when it is said that consideration must involve a detriment to the promisee, the supposed requirement is often qualified by a statement that a "legal detriment" is sufficient even though there is no economic detriment or other actual loss It is more realistic to say simply that there is no requirement of detriment

b收益和损害。从历史来看，普通法上的债的行为被认为要求一个等价物，而且这一要求还可能导出这样的结论：约因必须是允诺人获益。但在缺乏这一要求的契约在普通法上的违约之诉中仍然得到执行；在违约之诉中，强调的是对受允诺人的损害，而且对允诺的有害依赖可能仍然是契约救济的基础。参见第90条。但是信赖对协商的成立并非必要性因素，而且在任何一方当事人均未开始履行的允诺交换允诺的案例中，早已规定了违约救济。现在，当有人认为约因必须包括一个对于受允诺人的损害时，其假设的要求经常由此表述得以满足："一个"法律上的损害即使在没有经济损害或者其他实际损失的情况下仍然是充分的。认为没有对于损害的要求的主张是更加现实的。

As for McGrady, I think the Rockets should strike a deal with the Astros where they can trade him to be their fifth starting pitcher.

至于麦蒂，我想火箭应该和太空人队提议来个交换，然后他可以去当他们的第五投手了。

By sampling from the traffic flow and averaging non-overlapping blocks of size m from the original series, the variance asymptotic characteristic of the averaged series is obtained, from which this method shows that the splitting, assembling and merging process of the convergence mechanism will not change the Hurst parmeter of the traffic if the queue length of assemble buffer has a finite second-order moment.

在分析光突发交换边缘结点汇聚机制的基础上，提出了一种基于方差时间图的分析方法，利用"时间离散"和"尺度聚集"的思想，通过构造不同聚集级别m的聚集序列，分析得出业务流时间聚集序列的方差渐近性，从理论上证明了在组装器队长具有有限二阶矩的条件下，汇聚机制的分解、组装和合并过程不会改变业务流的Hurst参数。

Statistical multiplexing and fast packet switching are adopted by Asynchronous Transfer Mode which has the advantages of flexibility and higher bandwidth efficiency.

对突发业务进行统计复用可以获得很高的频带利用率，采用快速分组交换技术能做到真正的"业务综合"。

The system can exchange information between single-clip-microprocessor and PC, which based on the start stop asynchronous transmission protocol.

上位机与下位机以起止式异步传输协议为基础交换信息。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷