亡

Apoptosis was induced by hypoxia injury in the NSCs, the amount of apoptosis in the group treated with NYA serum was significantly lower than that of model group and normal-serum group. It suggested that NYA serum can inhibit the NSCs apoptosis.

培养神经干细胞缺氧损伤后发生凋亡，脑溢安血清组凋亡细胞数显著低于模型组和正常血清组，提示脑溢安能减少缺氧损伤神经干细胞凋亡。

Results (1)The permillage of myocyte apoptosis in infarct area in elder patients with sudden death caused by AMI was significantly higher than that in control group(663.00‰±117.12‰ vs 34.30‰±20.68‰,P＜0 .01).However the permillage of myocyte apoptosis in 1-vessel,2-vessel,and 3 - vessel disease were 514.28±165.12‰,564.38‰±102.33‰ and 668.25‰±127. 19‰,respectiverly,significantly higher as compared to control group(All P＜ 0.01).But no significance was found among the three groups.(2)The size of DNA f ragment about 180～200 bp was found only in those patients with two and three ve ssels involoved.(3)The electron microscope showed the characteristics of myocyte apoptosis episodes,the others showed the characteristics of necrosis.

结果 TUNEL法发现，猝死者梗死区的心肌细胞凋亡千分数老年组(663.00‰±117.12‰)明显高于正常对照(34.30‰±20.68‰)(P＜0.001)；心肌细胞凋亡千分数在冠脉1支病变者(514.28‰±165.12‰)＜2支病变者(564.38‰±102.12‰)＜3支病变者(668.25‰±127.19‰)，虽然均明显高于正常对照(均P＜0.01)，但三组之间比较则无统计学上的差别(均P＞0.05)；冠脉2～3支病变者梗死区的心肌细胞DNA电泳可见相差约180～220 bp的阶梯片段；电镜发现猝死者梗死区内的心肌细胞核膜完整、染色质浓集、电子密度增加的凋亡特征，有的则出现核膜破裂、染色质溶解成碎屑的坏死现象。

Marked changes of apoptosis including condensation of chromatin and nuclear fragmentation were observed very clearly by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining and a characteristic "ladder" of DNA fragments was elicited by agarose gel electrophoresis; Western blot analysis revealed that caspase-3 was activated by the loss of caspase-3 proenzyme (32kDa) and the appearance of its 20kDa subunit, and that along with the apoptotic process caspase-3 activity was increased concurrently.

Hoechst 33258荧光染色观察到典型的核浓缩、核碎裂等细胞凋亡的形态学变化，琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察到细胞凋亡时的DNA"梯形"条带；Western blot检测结果表明32kDa的caspase-3酶原被激活，出现20kDa的亚单位活化片段，同时在细胞凋亡过程中，caspase-3活性显著增高。

Mammal cells have two main apoptosis pathways, one is the death recept...

哺乳动物细胞中的凋亡通路主要有两种：一种是细胞表面死亡受体介导的细胞凋亡通路，另一种是以线粒体为核心的细胞凋亡通路。

To produce the scientific evidence for developing and manufacturing new antitumor drugs.Methods: 1 The inhibitory effect on cell growth of Hela was measured by MTT assay in treated or untreated groups (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50μg/ml TAM and control) for three different treatment times (24h, 48h and 72h).2 Apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by FCM in four experimental groups (0, 4, 16, 40μg/ml TAM) for 48h.3 Adopting Wright and Giemse's staining to observe the morphology of Hela cells which treated with 40μg/ml TAM.4 Using invasion experiment to detect the Hela cells'invasive abilities which treated with 40μg/ml TAM.5 The protein expressional levels of P-ERK, ERK, C-myc and Cyclin D1 in Hela cells untreated or treated with 4, 16, 40μg/ml TAM for 24h were measured by Western blot.6 Expression of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2, apoptotic gene bax and MMP-9 in Hela cells of four experimental groups (0, 4, 16, 40μg/ml TAM for 24h), were observed by revers transcription PCR.7 The protein expression of P-ERK, ERK, Bcl-2 and Bax in Hela cells treated with 40μg/ml TAM for 24h observed by laser scanning microscopes.

1采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测不同浓度北豆根总碱(3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50μg/ml)处理不同时间(24、48和72小时)对Hela细胞增殖反应的抑制作用。2采用流式细胞技术(flow cytometry，FCM)检测不同浓度北豆根总碱(0、4、16、40μg/ml)作用48小时，对Hela细胞凋亡及周期变化的影响。3瑞氏-姬姆萨染色后显微镜观察北豆根总碱(0、40μg/ml)作用24小时后Hela细胞形态学变化。4采用Transwell小室法检测北豆根总碱(0、40μg/ml)作用24小时后对Hela细胞侵袭性的影响。5采用免疫印迹方法检测不同浓度北豆根总碱(0、4、16、40μg/ml)作用24小时后，Hela细胞中磷酸化ERK、ERK、C-myc、CyclinD1的表达变化。6采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(revers transcription PCR，RT-PCR)半定量检测北豆根总碱(0、4、16、40μg/ml)作用24小时，Hela细胞抗凋亡基因bcl-2、促凋亡基因bax、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达变化。7应用激光共聚焦显微镜(laser scanning microscope，LSM)观察北豆根总碱(0、40μg/ml)作用24小时后，Hela细胞内P-ERK、ERK、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达变化。

Researchs suggested that ceramide and sphingosine could inhibit mitosis and DNA synthesis of cancer cells, promote apop

细胞水平研究发现神经酰胺和鞘氨醇能抑制结肠癌细胞有丝分裂和DNA合成，促进细胞凋亡，影响Fas、Bcl-2、Bcl-10、bax和P53等凋亡相关蛋白的表达，即神经酰胺和鞘氨醇能通过抑制结肠癌细胞生长、促进细胞凋亡发挥抑癌作用。

The objective of this study is to picture the signal tranduction pathway of apoptosis induced by MC so as to further investigate the impact of MC on transcription, expression and regulation of apoptosis gene and the related biological effects; illustrate the toxicological mechanism of MC; as well as discover the new biomarkers invovled.

本研究工作的目的是通过功能基因组分析的技术平台，探讨微囊藻毒素诱导肝组织细胞凋亡的信号转导通路，以便在此基础上，进一步深入研究该毒素对凋亡功能基因在转录、表达、调控水平上的影响，及由此引发的生物学效应；揭示微囊藻毒素的凋亡毒理机制，同时发现新的生物标记物。

Only small numbers of shrunken cells were observed in Cyclin B1 over-expressing cells, while markedly morphological changes were observed in the control subline.

Cyclin B1蛋白高表达抑制细胞凋亡的可能机制是，正常表达的Cyclin B1蛋白存在于细胞质中，促进细胞增殖、抑制细胞凋亡；药物诱导的Cyclin B1蛋白存在于细胞核中，促进细胞凋亡。

Most (14 out of 17, 82%) duodenal biopsies showed apoptotic counts of ≥2/100 crypts, 28%(5 out of 18) of gastric biopsies showed apoptotic counts of ≥3/100 glands, and 57%(4 out of 7) of esophageal biopsies showed apoptotic counts of ≥2/10 high-power field. Four gastric biopsies showed a previously undescribed injury pattern of parietal cells resembling the ballooning degeneration.

大多数十二指肠活检（17例中有14例，82%）的细胞凋亡计数为≥2个/100个隐窝，28%胃活检（18例中有5例）的凋亡计数为≥3个/100个腺体，57%食管活检（7例中有4例）的凋亡计数为≥2个/10个高倍视野。4例胃活检的壁细胞出现了一种以往不曾认识的损失模式——酷似气球样变性。

12H treatment group compared with 12h model group: the level of MCP-1 of the Gardenoside group decreased and MIP-1 is no different with the model group; the level of the MCP-1, MIP-1 of the Baicalin group are no different with the model group; the level of MCP-1, MIP-1 of the Concha Margatitifera Usta decreased than the model; the level of MCP-1 of the Cholic Acid group is no different and the level of MIP-1 decreased than the model; the level of MCP-1 of the Hefang Group decreased and the level of MIP-1 of it decreased than the model group.

合方治疗脑缺血24小时组缺血脑组织nNos光密度值较缺血24小时模型组明显降低（p＜0.01）。细胞的死亡分为坏死和凋亡两种方式，凋亡是细胞为避免对机体造成更大损伤而采取的一种程序性的死亡方式。珍珠母、胆酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、合方治疗组较脑缺血24小时模型组可明显降低P53阳性表达，考虑药物抑制细胞凋亡可以起到对缺血脑组织的保护作用。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。