亡

The history of studies on insect hemolymph inhibition cell apoptosis were discussed, and cell cultures supplementation with insect hemolymph were investigated, which suggested that there were apoptosis-inhibiting component from insect hemolymph, and they were just different protein.

通过对昆虫血淋巴抑制细胞凋亡研究历史的探讨，发现昆虫血淋巴中包含抑制细胞凋亡的组分，并且在昆虫血淋巴中含有抑制细胞凋亡的不同分子量蛋白，说明昆虫血淋巴介导的抗细胞凋亡效果可能由不同的蛋白执行。

Results The p53 gene mutation rate of colorectal cancer was 50%. The rate of apoptosis of tumor cells having mutation of p53 gene (22.11%) was much lower than that having no p53 mutation (40.57%, P＜0.05). Heteroploid cells had been found in 10/13 tumor samples with p53 gene mutation and 6/13 samples without p53 mutation (P＜0.05). The rate of apoptosis had no difference between the heteroploid cases and diploid cases.

结果 大肠癌标本p53基因突变率为50%；其中突变组肿瘤细胞凋亡率(22.11%)明显低于未突变组细胞凋亡率(40.57%)，(P＜0.05)；突变组异倍体细胞百分率(占76.9%)明显高于未突变组(占46.2%)，(P＜0.05)；异倍体肿瘤细胞凋亡率为34.0%，二倍体肿瘤细胞凋亡率为40.7%，二者差异无显著性(P＞0.05)。

Apoptosis of lymphocytes in bone marrow, spleen, thymus and bursa was detected by light microscope, electron microscope and terminal- deoxynucleotidyl transferase UIP nick end labeling. The results showed ALV-J could induce incoordinate apoptosis of lymphocytes in thymus, bursa and spleen, which was mainly found in early time. And the apoptosis was much more obvious in thymus than in other immune organs.

以电镜观察和HE染色、原位末端标记染色光镜观察对ALV-J感染和混合感染鸡的骨髓、脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官中淋巴细胞的凋亡进行了形态学研究，首次发现ALV-J可诱导胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏中不同程度的淋巴细胞凋亡，凋亡主要见于早期，ALV-J与REV混合感染时淋巴细胞凋亡尤为显著，以胸腺中最为明显。

Under optical microscope, the cell of NS arrayed as nest, the nuclear was big, deep-stained, thickened-karyotheca, chromatin granulated, Pathologic karyokinesis can be seen.

DDP组癌巢周围可见少量纤维组织增生、局灶性坏死，并可见炎细胞浸润；LNT组镜下见少量细胞凋亡，凋亡细胞变小，变圆，核固缩，胞浆浓缩，染色加深，凋亡细胞周围未见炎症反应；LNT+DDP组与LNT组镜下大体相同，但可见到较多量的凋亡细胞。

Each group with drug had effect on inhibiting Lewis lung cancer tumor,LNT DDP had the best effect,46.2%,the rate of inhibitory effect of LNT、DDP was 35.6%、39.7%respectively.3.Under optical microscope,the cell of NS arrayed as nest,the nuclear was big,deep-stained,thickened-karyotheca,chromatin granulated,Pathologic karyokinesis can be seen.

DDP组癌巢周围可见少量纤维组织增生、局灶性坏死，并可见炎细胞浸润；LNT组镜下见少量细胞凋亡，凋亡细胞变小，变圆，核固缩，胞浆浓缩，染色加深，凋亡细胞周围未见炎症反应；LNT DDP组与LNT组镜下大体相同，但可见到较多量的凋亡细胞。

He apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells could be observed one day after injury, increased by the 4th day, and reached a climax by the 7th day in the control group. Apoptosis of RGCs was detected with maniple at 4～10 days after injury in the experimental group and the rate of apoptosis in RGCs decreased significantly compared to the control group at 4～21 days.

UNEL染色及RGCs凋亡率：C组和D组在伤后第1天TUNEL染色可见凋亡细胞，第4天明显增多，至第7天达高峰。A组和C组在伤后第4～第10天仅可见少量的凋亡细胞，在第4～第21天，与B组、D组比较，RGCs凋亡率明显减少。

The researching result of this field is conflicting in these years. Some researchers consider it as apoptosis, while some necropsy results don\'t support the hypothesis. Our study is to investigate the protein expression and biochemistry changes under oxidative stress to determine if apoptosis happens.

多巴胺能神经元的死亡是凋亡还是坏死目前的研究结果不一，有许多的研究说明在氧化应激的条件下，细胞的死亡是凋亡，而部分尸检结果不支持凋亡的学说，本实验拟从蛋白表达及生化学方面观察氧化应激后细胞有无凋亡的发生。

Results (1)ATP could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells with inhibition rate over 43% after 48hour ATP treatment;(2)ATP treated U937 cells numbers increased obviously in G1 phase,and apoptosis peak appeared before G1 phase,apoptotic cell number was 3.4% for 24hour,and was 22.7% for 48hour of ATP treated U937 cells;(3) Nuclear chromatin condensed into sperical masses bound cytoplasma membrane formed apoptotic bodies which is shed from membrane surface into intercellular medium;(4) Apoptotic bodies were nigrosine staining negtive.

结果 (1)ATP对U937细胞的增殖有按摩明显的阻抑作用，加药48h后增殖的抑制率可达43%以上；(2)ATP处理的U937细胞周期发生改变，G1期细胞数按摩明显增多，ATP作用24h时G1期前出现亚二倍体峰——凋亡峰，凋亡细胞数为3.4%，作用48h时凋亡细胞数增多为22.7%；(3)ATP处理的U937细胞首先在核内染色质浓缩成半月形贴近核膜，逐渐向核膜外移动，进入胞浆内再移向质膜内外面，紧贴质膜外面再逐步脱离细胞体，进入细胞基质中，成为游离的凋亡小体。

Methods Cell culture,flow cytometry,HE staining,Nigrosine staining and electron microscopy were used. Results (1)ATP could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells with inhibition rate over 43% after 48hour ATP treatment;(2)ATP treated U937 cells numbers increased obviously in G1 phase,and apoptosis peak appeared before G1 phase,apoptotic cell number was 3.4% for 24hour,and was 22.7% for 48hour of ATP treated U937 cells;(3) Nuclear chromatin condensed into sperical masses bound cytoplasma membrane formed apoptotic bodies which is shed from membrane surface into intercellular medium;(4) Apoptotic bodies were nigrosine staining negtive.

结果 (1)ATP对U937细胞的增殖有明显的阻抑作用，加药48h后增殖的抑制率可达43%以上；(2)ATP处理的U937细胞周期发生改变，G1期细胞数明显增多，ATP作用24h时G1期前出现亚二倍体峰——凋亡峰，凋亡细胞数为3.4%，作用48h时凋亡细胞数增多为22.7%；(3)ATP处理的U937细胞首先在核内染色质浓缩成半月形贴近核膜，逐渐向核膜外移动，进入胞浆内再移向质膜内外面，紧贴质膜外面再逐步脱离细胞体，进入细胞基质中，成为游离的凋亡小体。

Yam steroid saponins and sapogenin are resulting in MCF-7 cells apoptosis by arrested the G0/G1 phase, increased the p53 protein with promoting apoptosis and decreased the AKT protein with anti-apoptosis and the BRCA-1 protein with repairing DNA. And, SPG has the excellent anti-cancer effect on MCF-7 cells may be due to induced much of the p53 protein in the early treated stage.

进一步的研究发现，山药固醇类皂及皂元抑制MCF-7乳癌细胞的功效，主要是诱发G0/G1期停滞，造成细胞凋亡；其透过的机制是经由p53促凋亡蛋白的增加，及AKT与BRCA-1等抗凋亡蛋白被抑制，达到双重细胞凋亡之抗癌效果；其中SPG处理之MCF-7肺癌细胞具早期大量诱发p53蛋白的特性，或许是SPG优异抗癌效果之原因。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。