亡

The long-term opening of mitochondria permeability transition pore results in the release of cytochrome C, apoptosis inducing factors, Ca2+ and other apoptosis factors into cytoplasm, which can destruct the whole cell structure and function by activating the main member of apoptosis protein family——caspase, or destroying the intranuclear chromoplasm independently, or affecting other protein relying on Ca2+, and finally lead to the formation of apoptotic body.

线粒体是真核生物能量和代谢的中心，也是细胞凋亡信号传导途径中起关键作用的细胞器，越来越多的研究表明，在凋亡信号的刺激下，线粒体发生膨胀，其外膜膜电位降低，外膜破裂后释放出膜间隙的诸多凋亡效应因子，在细胞凋亡中起着主开关的作用。

The occurrence and development of lung cancer was a complex multi-factorial multi-step biological process,and apoptosis imbalance was closely related to it.puma was a new member of the apoptosis-related genes that was initially identified in 2001,and was the downstream garget gene of p53,and through p53-dependent and non-dependent pathway to promote apoptosis.

肺癌的发生发展是一多因子、多步骤的复杂生物学过程，与凋亡失衡有着密切的关系。puma是2001年新发现的凋亡相关基因领域新成员之一，是p53的下游靶基因，可通过p53依赖和p53非依赖途径促进细胞凋亡，其介导的凋亡机制在肿瘤包括肺癌发展的多阶段中都起到重要的作用。

Results:Whith the time and doses of ART incubation extended, ART significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and the inhibited effect shows dose-and -time-dependent. Obvious changes of apoptotic morphology were observed by invert microscope, fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, they showed that cells had marked nuclear condensation or the fragmentation of chromation as well as apoptotic , mitochondrial edema and vesicle , with the time of incubation extended , the proliferation rate become slow and the volume became small and transformed. FCM assay indicated that most of the cells were arrested in Go/Gi and the apoptotic peak appeared. During the prolong of incubation time, the apoptosis rate was increased. At the same time, the number of S and G2/M phase cells were decreased. The result of TUNEL indicant that there are apoptosis and necrosis.

结果：随着药物浓度的增加和作用时间的延长，蒿甲醚对胃癌SGC-7901细胞的抑制作用呈时间和浓度依赖关系：在倒置显微镜、荧光显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜下可观察到典型的凋亡细胞的形态改变，表现为：核固缩或染色质边聚或凝聚成大块状，可见凋亡小体，线粒体肿胀增殖，严重的空泡化，随作用时间的延长，细胞增殖速度减慢，细胞体积缩小变形；流式细胞术显示胃癌SGC-7901细胞出现明显的凋亡峰，随着作用时间的延长，其凋亡率逐渐升高，细胞周期阻滞在G_0/G_1期，S及G_2/M期细胞数大量减少；流式细胞术TUNEL检测结果显示细胞凋亡和坏死同时存在。

The typical apoptotic morphological features appeared in MUTZ1 cells treated with 4 mmol/L VPA for 72 hours. Pyknosis of cells and nuclei, disintegration of nuclear chromatin and apoptotic body could be observed by light microscopy. Aggregation and margination of nuclear chromatin, concentration of plasm, increment of density and chromatin mass of irregular size could be observed by transmission electronmicroscope. The flow cytometric analysis indicated that the VPA could induce cell apoptosis, apoptosis rate increased in dosedependent manner, ratio of cells at G0/G1 phase increased and ratio of cells at S phase decreased in dosedependent manner, the cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase.

结果显示： VPA对MUTZ1细胞的生长抑制作用呈现时间和剂量依赖性；经4 mmol/L VPA处理MUTZ1细胞72小时后，细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态特征，光学显微镜下可见凋亡细胞胞体固缩、核固缩、核碎裂及凋亡小体；透射电子显微镜下可见凋亡细胞核染色质边集、胞浆浓缩、密度增加，胞浆内大小不规则的染色质团块；流式细胞术结果表明，细胞凋亡率随着VPA浓度的增加而逐步增高，G0/G1期细胞比例随着VPA浓度的增加而逐渐增多，S期细胞比例逐渐减低，细胞被阻滞在G0/G1期。

The typical apoptotic morphological features appeared in MUTZ-1 cells treated with 4mmol/L VPA for 72hours. Pyknosis of cells and nuclei, disintegration of nuclear chromatin and apoptotic body could be observed by light microscopy. Aggregation and margination of nuclear chromatin, concentration of plasm, increment of density and chromatin mass of irregular size could be observed by transmission electronmicroscope. The flow cytometric analysis indicated that the VPA could induce cell apoptosis, apoptosis rate increased in dose-dependent manner, ratio of cells at G0/G1 phase increased and ratio of cells at S phase decreased in dose-dependent manner, the cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase.

结果显示：VPA对MUTZ-1细胞的生长抑制作用呈现时间和剂量依赖性；经4mmol/LVPA处理MUTZ-1细胞72小时后，细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态特征，光学显微镜下可见凋亡细胞胞体固缩、核固缩、核碎裂及凋亡小体；透射电子显微镜下可见凋亡细胞核染色质边集、胞浆浓缩、密度增加，胞装内大小不规则的染色质团块；流式细胞术结果表明，细胞凋亡率随着VPA浓度的增加而逐步增高，G0/G1期细胞比例随着VPA浓度的增加而逐渐增多，S期细胞比例逐渐减低，细胞被阻滞在G0/G1期。

Objectives: To observe apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2、bax protein in the peri -hematomal brain region of Intracerebral Hemorrhage patients; so as to investigate into the relationship among neural apoptosis、the expression of Bcl-2、Bax pro -tein and Sthenia ZHENG、Protration ZHENG,as well as the relationship among apoptosis、hematoma volume and the scores of nervous impairment, to inquir the eff -ect of apoptosis in delayed neural injury following ICH and then to provide the mole -cular biology standard for the microcosmic syndrome differentiation with TCM to quest for new treatment.

目的：本课题旨在对脑出血患者血肿周围组织细胞凋亡和凋亡调控基因Bcl -2、Bax表达情况的观察。探讨中医出血中风闭脱证与细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax表达的关系，及细胞凋亡与出血量、临床神经功能缺损积分的关系，从而探讨细胞凋亡在脑出血后继发性神经细胞损伤中的作用，为中医微观辨证提供分子生物学水平的依据，为探索中西医结合治疗脑出血的新途径提供理论指导。

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After exercise, apoptosis occurs in normal muscle or muscle under pathologic state. The apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells is similar to common cell apoptosis, including karyopyknosis, plasma membrane vacuole, cell organ shrinking, and apoptotic body formation.

结果与结论：运动后，正常肌肉中或是病理状态下的肌肉中骨骼肌细胞都会出现凋亡，凋亡的形态学表现与普通凋亡细胞相似，即核固缩、质膜发泡、细胞器紧缩，凋亡小体形成，其凋亡过程大致可分为3个阶段，即启始阶段、效应阶段和降解阶段。

The apoptosis of 80 mg/kg ﹒ d group was mainly located in spermatogenous cell and first spermatocyte; the apoptosis of 120 mg/kg ﹒ d group was mainly located in spermatogenous cell , first spermatocyte and spermatocyte of the second order; the apoptosis of 240 mg/kg ﹒ d group was mainly located in spermatogenous cell and first spermatocytes, and seemingly, the apoptosis located in first spermatocyte was dominant; whereas the apoptosis of 480 mg/kg ﹒ d group was located in all levels spermatogenic cells.

结果表明：各试验组小鼠生精细胞凋亡指数随着浓度的升高有增加的趋势，而且与对照组差异显著（ P ＜0.05或 P ＜0.01）。80 mg/kg · d 组凋亡细胞主要定位于精原细胞和初级精母细胞；120 mg/kg · d 组凋亡细胞主要定位于精原细胞、初级精母细胞和次级精母细胞；240 mg/kg · d 组凋亡细胞主要定位于精原细胞、初级精母细胞，以初级精母细胞为最多；而480 mg/kg · d 组凋亡细胞定位于各级生精细胞。

The dynamic changes of the the neuron apoptosis and correlative genes in hippocampus of ACET-groups and twice-ACET-groups suggested that ACET can slower the apoptosis by inhibiting p~(53)and prolong the ascending period of p~(53) in 4 days after the seizure,this effect would weaken after 4 days.ACET may inhibit the descending of Bax,prolong its descending period and then promote its expression,in order to weaken the inhibition of the apoptosis during 4 to 10 days after seizure and then promote the apoptosis during 10 to 14 days after.This effect of ACET can be enhanced after treating again within 7 to 14 days later.

埋线组和二次埋线组大鼠海马神经元凋亡及相关基因表达的动态变化结果提示：埋线治疗在癫痫发作后的早期(4d内)可通过抑制促凋亡基因p~(53)蛋白表达、延缓其达峰值的时程，从而减缓神经元凋亡的发生，此作用在4d后减弱；埋线治疗抑制大鼠海马神经元凋亡的作用在癫痫发作后的中期(4d～10d)减弱，甚至在远期(10d～14d)出现促进凋亡的作用，可能是通过抑制Bax蛋白表达的下降、延长其降至低峰值的时程，促进Bax蛋白表达的回升的结果；在中远期(7d～14d)内予二次埋线治疗对该效应有续效叠加的作用。

Results: There were normal appearances of the morphology, volume and microscopic demonstration of both right and left hepatic lobes in sham-operating control group. In HA+PV group, hepatic right lobes were coagulatively necrosed. There was necrosis of liver cells in each sub-groups, accompanying with a few apoptic cells in the 3h sub-group. Along with the time extending, necrotic cells were increasing, and apoptic cells were decreasing. Necrosis in right lobes was at the most at 72h group.

结果：假手术对照组肝左右叶形态、体积以及各种病理学检查均未见异常；HA+PV组术后肝右叶发生凝固性坏死，3h即可见点片状肝细胞坏死，内见少量凋亡细胞，随时间延长，凋亡细胞减少，坏死细胞增多，至72h坏死更加彻底：PV组术后24h肝右叶萎缩，电镜及TUNEL均显示3h组织内可见凋亡细胞，至24h凋亡细胞数达高峰，72h凋亡细胞减少，出现局灶性坏死。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。