亡

Apoptosis is closely related to denervated muscular atrophy. The increase of Fas gene expression and decrease of Bcl-2 gene expression play an important role in apoptosis of skeletal muscle cell.

1。失神经支配后骨骼肌的萎缩与骨骼肌细胞凋亡有关，凋亡相关基因Fas的表达增加及Bcl-2的表达减少在骨骼肌细胞凋亡的发生机制中起着重要作用。

Recently, it is found that the neuron apoptosis caused by brain ischemia is associated with signal pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress, which is different from the traditional apoptotic pathway. Caspase-12 has been identified as a molecule which initiates apoptosis selectively in response to ER stress and is not activated by other pathways. Caspase-12 is localized on the ER membrane, but once specifically activated by ER stress, it translocates to the cytoplasm.

最近的研究发现，这种细胞凋亡与内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress ER stress)有关，其是一种不同于经典的凋亡途径的新途径，分子伴侣葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose regulated protein， GRP78/Bip)表达增高是反应ER stress的最敏感的指标，胱冬酶-12(caspase-12)为鼠源性的内质网膜上的蛋白，它的特点是只被内质网诱导的凋亡所激活而不被其它非内质网因素所激活。

A significant time-and-concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth was found in all the cells treated with berbamine.

利用建立的人白血病裸鼠异种移植模型，在体外与体内研究小檗胺对多种类型白血病细胞的作用，明确小檗胺是否能诱导多种白血病细胞凋亡以及多种凋亡相关基因在其诱导细胞凋亡中的作用，为小檗胺有可能开发成为新型的抗白血病药物，并应用于临床治疗，提供实验和理论依据。

Ecause bcl-2 protein could block the anoikis signaling pathway, which has become one of the most important oncogenes in anoikis studies.

cl-2成为anoikis凋亡研究中最受重视的癌基因之一，其实质是通过阻断细胞凋亡信号传递系统的最后通道而抑制细胞凋亡。

There was no effect of ketamine itself at 100 μmol/L on apoptotic cell death and [Ca2+]i. Conclusion Ketamine at 100 μmol/L can inhibit glutamate-induced apoptosis cell death in rat cultured spinal cord dorsal horn astrocytes.

结果：与C组比较，G组细胞发生了大量凋亡（P＜0.01），[Ca2+]i显著升高（P＜0.01）；与G组比较，GK2组细胞凋亡率和[Ca2+]i明显降低（P＜0.05），GK3组细胞凋亡率和[Ca2+]i显著降低（P＜0.01）。

Objective To investigate the changes and significances of neurocytes apoptosis and serum nerve growth factor after cerebral contusions.

目的 探讨大鼠脑挫裂伤后海马区神经细胞凋亡及血清神经生长因子的变化及意义方法按照改良Feeney自由落体脑损伤模型方式制作大鼠左顶叶脑挫裂伤模型，应用酶联免疫吸附法和原位细胞凋亡法，分别对脑挫裂伤后0.5，1，3，6，12，24，72，120，168，240h各时相点血清NGF含量及脑组织细胞凋亡进行检测。

RESULTS ① TLSFJM could induce apoptosis of PHA plus IL-2-activated mouse thymo cytes;② TLSFJM could induce apoptosis of alloantigen activated human pe ripheral blood mononuclear cells and hold the cell cycle at G1 phase;③ TLSFJM neither influenced the CD25 expression nor induced apoptosis of PMA activated human PBMC .

结果 TLSFJM 在体外可诱导PHA/IL-2活化的小鼠胸腺细胞的凋亡。 TLSFJM 在体外可诱导alloantigen活化的人外周血单个核细胞的凋亡，且把细胞周期阻遏在G1期。 TLSFJM 对PMA诱导的人PBMC活化抗原CD25的表达无明显影响，也不引起凋亡。

Results The activation of NF-κB, proliferation response, and expression of IL-4 and I L-5 mRNA and protein in T lymphocytes stimulated by PMA were significantly hig her than those of their blank control (P.01), while those indexes of T l ymphocytes stimulated by PMA and PDTC simultaneously were significantly lower th an those stimulated by PMA alone (P.01). The apoptotic index of T lympho cytes stimulated with PMA were significantly lower than that of their blank cont rol (P.01), and the apoptotic index of asthmatic guinea pig T lymphocytes stimulated with PMA and PDTC simultaneously were significantly higher than that stimulated by PMA alone (P.01). The significant positive correlations w ere found between the activation of NF-κB and the proliferation (r=0.64, P.001), and the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein of T lymph ocytes, respectively (r=0.55-0.68, P.001). There was also signific ant negative correlation between the activation of NF-κB and apoptosis of T l ymphocytes (r=0.62, P.001). Conclusions NF-κB may participate in the signal conduction of PKC regulated proliferation, apoptosis and expression of IL-4 and IL-5 of T lymphocytes in asthma.

结果加入PMA培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞NF-κB的活化、细胞增殖反应、IL-4和IL-5的mRNA和蛋白质的表达均显著高于其空白对照(P.01)，而同时加入PMA和PDTC培养的哮喘组T 淋巴细胞以上指标均显著低于只加入PMA培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞(P.01)；加入PMA 培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞的凋亡指数显著低于其空白对照(P.01)，而同时加入PMA 和PDTC培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞凋亡指数显著高于只加入PMA培养的哮喘组T淋巴细胞(P 。01)。T淋巴细胞NF-κB的活化与增殖反应呈显著正相关(r=0.64，P.00 1)，与IL-4和IL-5的mRNA和蛋白质的表达也均呈显著正相关(r=0.55-0.68，P 。001)，而与凋亡指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.62，P.001)。

Methods: firstly,depanding on the methods of fcm,mtt etc,we got the best density and actiontime of adriamycin.and then,we used several depressors of different signal transduction pathways to observe the possible pathway of osteosarcoma cell apoptosis.finally, we observed different expression including phosphorylation and non phosphorylation of correlated signal molecules,by the methods of westernblot.

首先通过fcm，mtt等方法探讨引起成骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的最佳药物作用浓度及时间；在此条件下应用不同信号转导通路的抑制剂观察导致细胞凋亡的可能通路；最后应用western blotting来检测在成骨肉瘤细胞凋亡过程中相关信号分子的表达水平及磷酸化水平的变化。

Results: Compared with control group, apoptosis cells increased from 0.5%to 10%(some even to 15%) after 24,48 and 72 h action of -300,-500 and -1 000 V electrets. After action of -500 V PTFE electrets for 48-72 h, fibroblast cells showed characteristic morphological features of apoptosis. These features included chromatin aggregation, nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation and partition of cytoplasm and nucleus into membrane bound-vesicles.

结果：-300、-500和-1 000 V驻极体作用成纤维细胞24、48和72 h以后，与对照组相比，成纤维细胞的凋亡量从0.5％增至10％（部分可达15％）；驻极体作用成纤维细胞48～72 h，出现细胞凋亡特有的形态学特征，即：细胞异染色质边集，细胞裂解，可见凋亡小体。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。