亡

Morphological and flourescent changes were assessed using confocal microscopy in whole-mount organ of Corti preparations. Results (1) After the animals were exposed to broadband noise at 122 dB SPL in 4 h/day for 2 days, both apoptosis and necrosis appeared in OHCs. The single strand DNA in apoptotic OHCs were observed both in guinea pigs and mice.(2) In normal OHCs, EndoG was distributed outside of nuclei. EndoG translocated from outside to inside of the nuclei in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs following noise exposure.(3) The MNNG cochlear perfusion and noise exposure both caused the transloctation of AIF from the mitochondria to the nuclei. The translocation of AIF took place in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs.

结果 (1)暴露于120 dB SPL的白噪声环境中每天4小时，连续2天后引起豚鼠和小鼠耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡时，其细胞核内产生ssDNA，而在正常细胞内没有三ssDNA；（2）在正常情况下，EndoG分布于耳蜗毛细胞的细胞核外，在暴露于上述噪声后发生凋亡和坏死的豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞中，EndoG从细胞核外转移到细胞核内，细胞核中的EndoG显著增加；（3）豚鼠耳蜗外淋巴灌流烷化剂MNNG后发生耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死，在凋亡和坏死的耳蜗外毛细胞中，AIF自线粒体转移到细胞核，其变化与噪声损伤引起耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死时一致。

First we first establish the apoptosis of related protein glossary database, then downloads the neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related abstract from the on-line biomedicine literature , and searchesfor the protein information database of the neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related pathway, then uses the data mining technology,with apoptosis of protein related glossary database use already establishment. Automatically searches for the neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related protein by the program in the biomedicine literature abstract separately in,(1) a sentence,(2) two sentences,(3) aliterature, finding simultaneously appears protein-protein interation. And comparing to the neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related protein database, looking for their repetition. This result comparing to the known neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis related pathway, thus looking for unestablished neurodegenerative disorders of apoptosis pathway.

首先我们先建立细胞凋亡讯息蛋白质相关词汇字库，再从线上生物医学文献下载神经退化性疾病细胞凋亡相关文献摘要，并且搜寻线上蛋白质资料库中神经退化性疾病之细胞凋亡讯息蛋白质传递路径，接著利用文献探勘技术，使用已建立之细胞凋亡讯息蛋白质相关词汇字库，以程式自动在生物医学文献摘要中搜寻神经退化性疾病细胞凋亡相关蛋白质分别在，（1）一个句子、（2）二个句子、（3）一篇文献，中同时出现的两两蛋白质关系，再与已知线上神经退化性疾病细胞凋亡讯息传递路径资料库的蛋白质两两关系做比较，找出两者重复建立的部分，把这个结果与线上已知之细胞凋亡讯息传递路径资料库蛋白质关系作比较，由此找出尚未建立之细胞凋亡讯息传递路径图。

And there were no evidence changes in histopathologic analysis of brain tissues in other ETU-injected and in control rat embryos. 2. Results of In situ cell apoptosis detection In E20 cerebral cortex, more Tunel cells were found in encephalocoele group than control group,and the results were significant.

二、应用细胞凋亡原位检测法检测不同组E20胎鼠大脑皮质中细胞凋亡情况 E20胎鼠大脑皮质中Tunel阳性细胞数目在正常组、给药无畸形组及脊柱裂组细胞凋亡数无明显改变，而在脑膨出组胎鼠大脑皮质细胞凋亡数明显多于对照组，计算凋亡细胞百分率，然后用X~2检验进行分析，脑膨出组和对照组的细胞凋亡指数差异有统计学意义(P.05)。

The expression changes of relating-apoptosis gene proteins (bcl-2, bax) were detected by immunohistochemistry before and after treating with the Agaricus Blazei Murill extract to explore the possible mechanisms of inducing apoptosis for MGC-803 cells in vitro. Results: The Agaricus Blazei Murill extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro and the inhibitive effects were depended on the medicine concentration and treating times. After treating 24 hours on the gastric cancer cells with the morphologic changes of apoptosis with chromatin margination, karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis were found by the light.

结果：(1)通过细胞培养和MTT法，表明长白山姬松茸在体外对MGC-803细胞株有明显的抑制作用，加药组与对照组相比其生长抑制率有显著性差异(P＜0.01)，而且这种抑制作用呈现浓度和时间的依赖性；(2)通过集落形成率的测定结果表明，加药组与对照组相比其集落形成率和集落形成抑制率有明显差异(P＜0.01)，说明长白山姬松茸对MGC-803胃癌细胞株有明显抗增殖作用；(3)光镜观察结果表明，加药组可见细胞脱水浓缩伊红染色增强，胞体缩小，内含高度浓缩的胞核呈深蓝色等典型细胞凋亡形态；经AO／EB荧光染色观察结果表明，当终浓度为1.0mg／ml的姬松茸提取物作用于MGC-803胃癌细胞24h后，其凋亡率和破膜率与自然凋亡率与破膜率相比，均有显著性差异，其凋亡率86.3％(P＜0.001)，破膜率为41.6％(P＜0.01)，说明姬松茸确实有诱导MGC-803胃癌细胞凋亡的作用，同时也有细胞毒作用，但以诱导细胞凋亡为主；(4)免疫组化结果表明，用药前后凋亡相关基因的BCl-2、Bax蛋白均有显著性的改变(P＜0.001)。

Usually, anti-apoptotic protein is insulated in organella, restraining the release of pro-apoptotic factor and controlling cell apoptosis. however, interacting with pro-apoptotic protein, it can not restrain apoptosis, induce the loss of mitochondrial function, accelerate the release of pro-apoptotic factor and result in apoptosis.

抑凋亡蛋白平时被隔离在线粒体等细胞器内抑制促凋亡因子的释放，具有抑制细胞凋亡的功能，但一旦与激活的促凋亡蛋白发生相互作用后，便丧失了对细胞凋亡的抑制作用，造成线粒体等细胞器的功能丧失和细胞器内促凋亡因子的释放，导致细胞凋亡。

Anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic factors have synergistic effect and play a switch role. Usually, anti-apoptotic protein is insulated in organella, restraining the release of pro-apoptotic factor and controlling cell apoptosis.

抑凋亡蛋白平时被隔离在线粒体等细胞器内抑制促凋亡因子的释放，具有抑制细胞凋亡的功能，但一旦与激活的促凋亡蛋白发生相互作用后，便丧失了对细胞凋亡的抑制作用，造成线粒体等细胞器的功能丧失和细胞器内促凋亡因子的释放，导致细胞凋亡。

The results indicated that the typical apoptosis was induced by PRRSV in lungs and uteri. The ultrastructural changes showed different characterizations at different stages of the infection. During the early stage from 8th h to day 3 postinfection,the apoptosis cells shrank,the cytoplasm concentrated,the chromatin condensed,the kernel disaggregated and the endoplasmic reticulum dilated. During the middle stage from day 5 to day 9 postinfection,the apoptosis cells evidently shrank,the cell membranes protu berated,the plastosome manifolded,and apoptosis bodies were found. During the last stage from day 10 upwards postinfection,the apoptosis bodies degenerated and disappeared,and no inflammation occurred. Few apoptosis cells were necrotic.

结果表明，PRRSV可诱导宿主肺和子宫发生典型的细胞凋亡，表现为细胞的超微形态结构随着病毒感染进程出现不同的特征性变化，早期（感染后第8 h至第3 d）凋亡细胞多表现为细胞体积缩小，细胞质密度增强，染色质浓缩，核仁解体，内质网扩张；中期（感染后第5 d至第9 d）凋亡细胞体积显著缩小，细胞膜突起，线粒体增多，有凋亡小体形成；晚期（感染后第10 d以后）凋亡细胞形态多表现为凋亡小体降解和消失，少数凋亡细胞在凋亡晚期表现为坏死细胞。

The iso-electric point of was 4.8-5.2. The amino acid analysis indicated that the recombinant protein is non- N-glycosylated.The ability of 0.5 ug/m rhsTRAIL to induce apoptosis of liver cancer cells SMMC7721 and BEL 7402 could be visioned morphologically. This was further verified by Electrical microscope observision of induced SMMC7721 cells and agarose gel electrophoresis of apoptosis DNA. MTT test results also showed that 0.01 u g/ml purified rhsTRAIL has strong effect to induce apoptosis of SMMC7721 cell.

形态学上观察了rhsTRAIL对肝癌细胞SMMC7721和BEL7402的诱导凋亡活性，发现rhsTRAIL在0.5μg/ml时显示了很好的诱导凋亡活性，并通过电镜观察rhsTRAIL诱导后的SMMC7721细胞，证实了凋亡；同时提取凋亡细胞DNA，进行琼脂糖电泳分析，在分子水平证明凋亡；最后利用SMMC7721细胞分组加入纯化后的rhsTRAIL蛋白，结果显示纯化蛋白含量在0.01μg/ml时细胞就呈现了诱导凋亡活性。

XIAP expression could not be affected by the apoptotie inductions mediated by death receptor and mitochondria pathway in both cell lines.

通过对肾癌组织和细胞的研究，提示抗凋亡的XIAP在肾癌组织中呈肿瘤进展依赖性增高、在抗凋亡的肾癌细胞高表达，在肾癌细胞抗凋亡机制中发挥重要的作用，影响肾癌对凋亡信号的敏感性，使肾癌细胞获得生存发展的优势，从而促进肾癌的进展，并产生对诱导凋亡药物的抵抗；应用基因克隆和Tet-Off基因可控性表达系统技术构建的肾癌细胞XIAP稳定表达细胞系，对深入研究XIAP在肾癌抗凋亡中的机制，具有实用意义。

1、Cur inhibits K562 cells growth and induces cell apoptosis may be correlated with the down-regulation of p210~、inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the signaling molecules such as p-Erk1/2、c-myc which are relevant with cell growth and apoptosis; 2、Cur synergizes STI571 to inhibit K562 cell growth and induce cell apoptosis may be correlated with the down-regulation of p210~、inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the signaling molecules such as Hsp90、PKC which are relevant with cell growth and apoptosis; 3、Cur reverses the resistance of K562/G01 cells to STI571, and synergizes STI571 to inhibit K562/G01 cell growth and induce cell apoptosis; 4、Cur inhibits human originated CML CD34~+ cell growth、induces cell apoptosis, and enhances STI571 to down-regulate the expression of p210~, finally inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis.

从以上实验结果我们得出如下结论： 1、Cur抑制K562细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能与其下调p210~、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平以及抑制下游p-Erk1/2、c-myc等信号分子有关； 2、Cur协同STI571抑制K562细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能与其下调p210~、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平以及抑制Hsp90和下游PKC等信号分子有关； 3、Cur可逆转K562/G01细胞对STI571的耐药性，并与STI571协同抑制K562/G01细胞增殖和诱导凋亡，其抑制K562/G01细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能与其下调p210~、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平以及抑制下游Procaspase-3和NF-κB等信号分子有关； 4、Cur可抑制来源于CML患者骨髓的CD34~+细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡，还可协同STI571下调CML CD34~+细胞p210~表达，进而协同抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。