亚里斯多德

We don't think Bonaventure's philosophy is a eclectic philosophy based on Aristotelianism with tendency to Augustinianism, as some scholars thought; we think that Bonaventure established and developed a original synthesis of philosophy and theology, just as Thomas Aquinas did.

我们认为，波纳文图拉所建立的思想体系不是如一些学者所认为的那样，是基于亚里士多德基础上带有奥古斯丁主义倾向的一种折中哲学；相反，波纳文图拉和托马斯·阿奎那一样，已经形成和发展了一种原创性的哲学综合，波纳文图拉哲学是对亚里士多德和奥古斯丁进行综合而完成的统一、一致而融贯的综合体系，我们既不能简单称之为奥古斯丁主义，也不能叫亚里士多德主义，它就是波纳文图拉主义。

He had lost the sense of what the Chorus was in the hands of the great masters, say in the Bacchae or the Eumenides. He mistakes, again, the use of that epiphany of a God which is frequent at the end of the single plays of Euripides, and which seems to have been equally so at the end of the trilogies of Aeschylus. Having lost the living tradition, he sees neither the ritual origin nor the dramatic value of these divine epiphanies. He thinks of the convenient gods and abstractions who sometimes spoke the prologues of the New Comedy, and imagines that the God appears in order to unravel the plot. As a matter of fact, in one play which he often quotes, the _Iphigenia Taurica_, the plot is actually distorted at the very end in order to give an opportunity for the epiphany.

亚里士多德还忘了合唱队是由那掌握命运者来控制，比如酒神的女祭司或者复仇女神欧墨尼得斯；他弄错了神的显现的用处，欧里庇德斯的单幕悲剧结尾处常有神显现，埃斯库罗斯三部曲的结尾好像与此相似，由于失去了活生生的传统，亚里士多德没有意识到神灵显现的仪式渊源和戏剧价值，而把神认为是有时去朗诵新喜剧开场白的这样一种方便和抽象，想象神的出现是为了解开情节的死结，而事实上，在他经常引用的《在奥利斯的伊菲革涅亚》里，情节实际上在结尾处被搅乱，目的是为了给神一个显现的机会。

An instance is provided by Aristotle's famous saying that the typical tragic hero is one who falls from high state or fame, not through vice or depravity, but by some great _hamartia_. _Hamartia_ means originally a 'bad shot' or 'error', but is currently used for 'offence' or 'sin'.

亚里斯多德的一句名言提供了一个例证：典型的悲剧英雄是这样的人，他从高尚生活或者名誉中跌落并非由于罪恶或者堕落，而是由于某种巨大的&hamartia&，&hamartia&的原意是&坏的尝试&或者&过失&，但现在用为&冒犯&或者&罪恶&。

Furthermore, the researcher analyzes the perspective of Caring theory and the content pf its moral education, which are stated in Noddings' writings.

并针对柏拉图之飨宴篇的爱及亚里斯多德之友爱篇的友爱分别和关怀作对话。

For instance the well-named Simplicio, a round pompous pudding of a man an old thinker. If Aristotle said it, it's true.

例如颇富盛名的辛普利西——圆胖，自负，满脑浆湖的旧思想家，只要亚里斯多德所说就是真理。

Aristotle says (VI, 13) that there are natural virtues and the virtues appropriate to "practical reason".

亚里斯多德认为(VI， 13)有自然优越和优越的工具性。

Ever since Aristotle, the research of metaphor has received significant attention by the rhetoricians and philosophers. It has become a study since the 70th in the last century and then metaphormania emerged in the European and American academic circle.

隐喻研究源远流长，自亚里斯多德提出起一直受到修辞学家特别是哲学家的关注，而且在20世纪70年代欧美学术界几乎成为一种显学，在国际学术界更是形成了一种对隐喻进行跨学科研究的狂热。

He defined science as the demonstrated knowledge of the causes of things, of which there are four types: the material cause,"that from which, as its constitutive material, something comes, for example the bronze of the statue"; the formal, or ideal, cause, what the particular stature is ,its essence of nature, such as its being a bust of plato; the efficient cause, that by which it initially comes into existence,"the source of the first beginning of change," as in "the father is the cause of the child"; and the final cause, its "end" or purpose,"that for the sake of which" something is done, such as "health is of walking around."

亚里斯多德通过严格的演示，探究事物的缘由，用以界定科学。他探究事物的模型有如下四类：物质原因，&由何物所构成，成分，如铸像之青铜&；第二类是形式、想象，如是非常之境况，事物之本质，诸如&柏拉图之名相&；第三类是动因，任何存在凭此而来，&变化伊始的本源力量&，正如&父为子之因&；最后一类是终极之因，作为&事已定&的结论而存在，&健康是走路走出来的&。

Some of the greatest figures of Western cultural and intellectual history lived in Athens during this period: the dramatists Aeschylus, Aristophanes, Euripides, and Sophocles, the philosophers Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates, the historians Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon, the poet Simonides and the sculptor Pheidias.

一些西方文明史和智慧史上最伟大的人物生活在这个时期的雅典：剧作家埃斯库罗斯，阿里斯托芬，Euripides，Sophocles；哲学家亚里士多德，柏拉图，苏格拉底；历史学家希罗多德，休昔里德斯和色诺芬以及诗人西摩尼德斯和雕塑家菲迪亚斯。

Were he to win, it would be the greatest catastrophe that has befallen democracy since the day of the Holy Alliance and its ascendancy

要是他得逞，那将是自神圣联盟缔结以来民主遭到的最大灾难。亚里斯多德的科学早已盛行一时。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。