亚里士多德的

Isaac ibn Latif, who flourished about the middle of the thirteenth century, occupies a peculiar and independent position in the history of the Cabala, owing to his attempt to introduce Aristotelianism.

艾萨克伊本拉提夫，谁兴盛约中的13世纪，中占有一种特殊的和独立的立场，在历史上的cabala ，由于他将试图引进亚里士多德。

Nowadays, however, with the quickened tempo of life, the increased stress on efficiency and efficacy, and the ascendance of the idea that languages are means of communication, more and more people have come to regard rhetoric as the art of effective communication.

西方古典修辞学的鼻祖首推亚里士多德（Aristotle，公元前384－322），他的《修辞学》可以说是西方修辞学的奠基之作，他集中了他生活时代修辞学研究和教学的大成，又开拓了修辞学研究的新天地。

In particular, it set itself off against classical Augustinianism with its reliance on Aristotle, most eminently by insisting on a unified anthropology whereby the soul is the form of the body.

特别是，它为自己确定了对古典奥古斯丁其依赖於亚里士多德，最突出的坚持一个统一的，即人类学的灵魂是形式的机构。

Xviii, xxxv, lii, lix, lxix, cix, cxxxvii (xvii, xxxiv, li, lviii, lxviii, cviii, cxxxvi), those national anthems so full of love of Israel and almost startling in their hatred of the foes of Jahweh and of Israel, if read from the viewpoint of the writers, are sublime, vivid, glowing, enthusiastic, though exaggerated, poetic outbursts, instances of a "higher seriousness and a higher truthfulness", such as Aristotle never would have found ina song of Babylonia or of Sumeria.

十八，三十五，吕，柳， lxix ，捷达夥伴， cxxxvii （十七，三十四，李鹏， lviii ， lxviii ， cviii ， cxxxvi ），国歌，使这些充满爱心的以色列，几乎惊人的仇恨敌人Jahweh和以色列，如果读取的观点作家，是崇高的，生动的，光辉，热情，虽然有些夸张，富有诗意的爆发，情况是"更高的严肃性和较高的真实性"，如亚里士多德永远会发现那首歌的东风或

Grecian era ; Schools of Epicureanism ; Schools of skepticism ; Schools of stoicism

哲学在这个时代的重要特征就是医治人们心灵的痛苦，而不是像古典哲学时期的柏拉图、亚里士多德那样构想如何建设一个美好的社会，这种特征的变化主要

A comparative study of two logic systems should base on the analysis of their historical background and the interpretation of their cultural host;(2) The Mohist logic depend on Pre Qin culture of China and Aristotelean logic was embedded in Hellenism of Hellenistic Age;(3) In view of these two logic systems being the ...

墨家逻辑依托于先秦文化，亚里士多德逻辑依托于古希腊文化。两种文化有不同的特征和需求。不同文化的特征和需求，产生了两种不同的逻辑。两种逻辑的差异主要表现为：目的与任务不同，逻辑特征不同，主导的推理类型不同，推理成分的分析不同，后续发展状况不同。

Although it was as obvious to Aristotle as it is to us now that birds from northern latitudes migrate to the tropics in order to escape an ice-bound winter, precisely how they manage to make their way from one hemisphere to the other remains one of the great puzzles of the natural world.

北纬地区的鸟儿迁移到赤道地区是为了逃避冰封的冬天，这是当年亚里士多德知道，我们现在也同样清楚的事实；尽管如此，鸟儿是怎样从一个半球迁移到另一个半球的，至今依然是自然世界的一大的疑谜。

A third ancient debate concerning education, related to both of the others, took place between the Sophists and Socrates, and was continued by Plato, Aristotle, and other philosophers on one side, and Isocrates, Quintilian, and other orators and rhetoricians on the other, with Cicero seeking a synthesis of sorts (one might think of this as one aspect of a three-sided war between poets, philosophers, and sophists).

第三个关于教育的古代辩论，相关于其他人的有关方面，发生在智者和苏格拉底之间，并且被柏拉图、亚里士多德等其他哲学家这一阵营，与伊索克拉底、昆体良等其他的雄辩家和演说家另一阵营之间延续，还有西塞罗寻求综合的这一派（有人认为这是一场诗人、哲学家和智者三方之间的战争）。

The generally acknowledged truth of traditional logic isn′t the generally acknowledged truth of the traditional logic syllogism ;It isn′t get the law of identity,the law of contradiction,the law of excluded middle and the law of sufficient reason;It isn′t still the two complete formula of Celarent in Aristotle′s system.

传统逻辑的公理不是传统逻辑的三段论的公理，也不是同一律、矛盾律、排中律和充足理由律，还不是亚里士多德系统中第一格的两个全称式。

Second, there is a willingness on the part of the Schoolmen to go outside the lines of strict ecclesiastical tradition and learn, not only from Aristotle, who was now beginning to be known as a metaphysician and a psychologist, but also from the Arabians and the Jews, whose works had begun to penetrate in Latin translations into the schools of Christian Europe.

第二，有一个愿意就有关部分的schoolmen外出按照严格的宗教传统和学习，而不是只从亚里士多德，谁是现在开始被称为一metaphysician和一名心理学家，而且还从阿拉伯和犹太人，他们的工程已经开始渗透在拉丁美洲翻译成学校的基督教欧洲。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。