亚种

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Therefore, I on raise the question to Chen Zhenqiang and "System Gemology" about the albite jade chapter, and the opposite amphibole\'s subspecies have carried on the division.

因此，本人对陈振强以及《系统宝石学》上关于钠长石玉章节的钠长石玉的矿物组成以及组成矿物化学成分部分提出质疑，并对角闪石的亚种进行了划分。

The Florida manatee, a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, is a large gray aquatic mammal that inhabits the coastal estuaries and rivers of the southeast United States.

佛罗里达manatee ，一个亚种的西印度manatee ，是一个庞大的灰色水生哺乳动物栖息沿海河口和河流的东南美国。

It accounts for more than 64% of species recorded in China. The study was the most comlplete , systematic work about birds in Yunnan and recorded the most species of birds in Yunnan at present. The recources status and geographical distribution of birds in Yunnan were deeply studied, and the characters and evolution tendency of avifauna in Yunan, geographical division of birds in Yunnan were discussed.

本项目通过系统的分类和区系研究工作，共描记云南鸟类848种(1074种和亚种)，占中国记录鸟类种数的64％以上，是目前记录云南鸟类物种最多、最全面和最系统的工作；并在深入研究云南鸟类资源状况和地理分布的基础上，探讨了云南鸟类的区系特征及其演化趋势、三级地理区划。

Our underneath distribute the circumstance to do a simple introduction to the each second kind:Bengalese tiger, the second is to print to pay the tiger, the third is the northeast tiger, the northeast tiger is all tigers inside the most heavy.

我们下面就对每个亚种分布情况做一个简单的介绍：孟加拉虎，第二个是印支虎，第三个就是东北虎，东北虎是所有的老虎里面最重的。

MtDNA D-loop sequences and cranial morphometrics were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of bharal ( Pseudois nayaur szechuanensis ) populations. The habitat preferences of bharal were also investigated in Helanshan, Ningxia.

本研究利用粒线体核酸 D-loop 序列分析及头骨形态分析岩羊四川亚种（ Pseudois nayaur szechuanensis ）各族群间的关系，并针对宁夏贺兰山岩羊族群分析其栖地偏好。

In this paper, we use the Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis of bile salt hydrolase screened from kefir grains to the study environment factors of increasing enzyme vires.

本文利用从藏灵菇中筛选的产胆盐水解酶的乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种（Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis）研究提高酶活力的环境因素。

The reed parrotbill (Timaliidae: Paradoxornis heudei) is a near-threatened species which has two subspecies, P.

震旦鸦雀为全球近危种，共有2个亚种，其中指名亚种

After choosing upper hair of eight positions from the south and northeast subspecies of Vulpes, we tested its medulla exponent by using test lattice.

选取赤狐华南亚种和东北亚种8个部位上毛，用测试格测定上毛的髓质指数。

Biologists broke the original population down into eight subspecies, based on looks and geography, from the relatively small and dark Indochinese tiger of southern continental Asia to the massive Siberian tiger of the Russian far east. In 2004, researchers for the first time applied DNA analysis to the tiger family tree and confirmed the existence of five extant subspecies.

生物学家根据外貌和地理环境，把原来的种群分为8个亚种，从南亚大陆体型相对较小的棕黑色印支虎到俄罗斯远东地区的大块头西伯利亚虎。2004年，研究人员首次运用 DNA 分析老虎家谱，证实仍然存在有五个亚种。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。