亚硝化

The activated sludge in nitrous nitrifying process and autotrophic denitrifying process are fully studied, and the characteristics of these processes in stable and acclimation stage have been drawed.

对亚硝化工艺和自养反亚硝化工艺的污泥相变化进行了仔细研究，得出各工艺稳定运行及污泥适应等阶段的特征污泥相。

After comparison of various process, a optimum process—ANIS process can be drawn; A autotrophic denitrifying process is successfully started up and stable operated; ANIS nitrous nitrifying process and autotrophic denitrifying process are joining-up in series to operate, and sound nitrogen removal effect can be achieved.

本论文广泛研究了各类C/N均小于1、甚至低至0.5以下的低、中、高氨氮浓度废水进行亚硝化处理的效果，综合比较了各种不同的处理工艺，得出了最佳工艺——ANIS工艺和运行条件；成功启动并稳定运行了自养反亚硝化系统，并将ANIS亚硝化工艺和自养反亚硝化工艺串连运行，取得了良好的脱氮效果。

6Mm, width is about 0.15mm; When the sludge begin to acclimate to the nitrous nitrifying conditions, bacillar flocculation gradually dwindle and decomposition, still disperse into little flocculation.

6高浓度氨氮废水亚硝化稳定期的特征污泥相为：杆状絮体，长度约0.25～1.6mm，宽约0.15mm；当污泥开始对亚硝化产生适应后杆状絮体逐渐变小、解体，直至分散成为很细碎的絮体。

In this study,under laboratory conditions,using traditional microbiological culture method,select the Pb2+ stress training of Pistia stratiote and Myriophyllum spicatum L. under water culture, through the changs of root- microbial of Pistia stratiote and Myriophyllum spicatum L.,the results show that bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes have different concentrations under Pb2+ stress. It is specificity of ammonification, nitrification,andanti-Nitrosation after Pb2+ stress.

中文摘要：本研究在实验室条件下，用传统的微生物培养法，选择重金属离子Pb2+在水培条件下对大薸和穗状狐尾藻进行胁迫培养，通过测定大薸和穗状狐尾藻根系的微生物区系及与氮循环有关的四种细菌的数量变化发现：细菌、真菌、放线菌对重金属Pb2+的不同浓度的敏感性不同；重金属Pb2+胁迫对氨化、硝化、亚硝化和反硝化四类细菌的影响也表现出各自的特殊性。

Raise bacterium from different, inferior nitrify bacterium and nitrify bacterium 3 person in light of the value of SOUR, different raises bacterium active to be compared in the lower level of filter strong, and inferior nitrify bacterium, nitrify bacterium raise bacterium to be in oneself medium, upper levels of the system is more active.

从异养菌、亚硝化菌和硝化细菌三者的sOUR的值来看，异养菌活性在滤池的下层比较强，而亚硝化菌、硝化菌等自养菌则在系统的中、上层比较活跃。

Stable nitritation is realized because the nitrobacter is sensitive to the changing environment. When the dissolved oxygen and pH values in SBRⅠ and SBRⅡ are 2. 4-3. 0mg/L, 7. 0-8. 5, 1. 5-2. 0mg/L and 7. 0-8. 5 respectively, a lot of nitrate isn't found during operation in two months, and nitrosation rate is over 80% in two aerobic reactors.

将SBRⅠ、SBRⅡ好氧反应器的溶解氧、pH分别控制在7.0-8.5、2.4-3.0mg／L及7.0-8.5、1.5-2.0mg／L时，依赖SBR反应器水质波动大、硝酸菌对环境变化敏感的特点，在较高浓度NH〓-N条件下，实现了稳定的亚硝化反应，系统运行近两个月，没有大量硝酸盐的积累，两个好氧反应器的亚硝化率均在80％以上。

Nitrobacter can gradually acclimate to nitrous nitrifying conditions and refreshed, so the sludge should acclimation and the nitrite accumulation disappear.

3低浓度氨氮废水亚硝化系统稳定运行一段时间之后，硝酸菌能逐渐适应亚硝化条件，恢复活性，从而使污泥产生适应性，亚硝化现象消失。

In this paper, adopted augmenting culture in nitrite bacteria culture media and the method of silica gel plate isolation,31 strains of bacteria were isolated from vegetable garden soil of our school. The color reaction test was carried out with Griess reagent and culture fluid, which was regarded as the index to determine producing NO2- or not. 13 strains which color were deep were obtained and they were further rescreened by doing nitrite test. A strain N4(coded N4,the same to the following)with higher rate of nitrosification was picked up after rescreened; A strain B08( coded B08 ,the same to the following) with higher rate of denitrification was obtained after isolated and rejuvenated from our lab conserving mixed denitrifying bacteria culture.

本研究采用亚硝化细菌富集培养基选择培养和硅胶平板分离法，从本校农场菜园土中分离到31株细菌，以格利斯试剂对培养液的反应颜色深浅作为指标衡量其产NO_2~-的多少，经初筛从分离株中筛选出13株格利斯试剂反应颜色较深的菌株，再对这13株菌作亚硝化试验，最终选出一株亚硝化速率较高的菌株(编号为N_4，下同)；另外，通过对本实验室保存的反硝化细菌混合菌液进行分离复壮，筛选出一株反硝化速率高的菌株编号为B_

But the effluent ammonium in the anoxic reactor, where enough NO2 were present, was equal to the blank system, and no ammonium was converted to such nitrogen compounds as NO2- and N2 by Nitrosomonas eutropha using NO2 as electron acceptor, which maybe caused by lack of the function bacteria. There were two ANAMMOX reaction pathways in the one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system. One way was that after part of NH4+ was oxidized to NH2OH under aerobic conditions, NH2OH and NO2- were converted to N2O under anaerobic conditions, at last N2O was further converted to N2 which realized the nitrogen removal; Another way was that at first NO2- was reduced to NH2OH, NH2OH reacted with NH4+ to form N2H4, which was further converted to N2 subsequently, realizing the nitrogen removal.

结果表明：单级自养脱氮系统内6.72%的氨氮是通过吹脱等物化作用去除的，不超过6.02%的氨氮是通过传统硝化反硝化途径去除的，87.26%左右的氨氮是由自养脱氮途径去除的，自养脱氮反应起主要脱氮作用；在足够NO2存在且缺氧的条件下，单级自养脱氮系统内的出水氨氮浓度与空白反应器相当，NH4+并没有被亚硝化单胞菌以NO2为电子受体氧化为NO2-和N2等化合物而得以去除，可能是因为系统内不存在该代谢功能的亚硝化功能菌；单级自养脱氮系统内存在两条ANAMMOX反应途径：其中一条途径即NH4+在好氧条件下被氧化为NH2OH后，生成的NH2OH与系统内的NO2-在缺氧条件下被转化为N2O，N2O则进一步被转化为N2而实现氮的去除；另外一条途径即NO2-首先被还原为NH2OH，生成的NH2OH则与系统内的NH4+反应生成N2H4，N2H4继续被转化为N2而实现氮的去除。

Ammonifying rate, nitrosifying rate,nitrifying rate and denitrifying rate were determined by measurement of conversion efficiency and accumulating rate of nitrogenous matter by ammonifying bacteria, nitrobacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the surface 0-1.5 cm of pond sediment from the intensive fish culture ponds.

通过对精养鱼池表层淤泥中氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌对含氮物质转化率的测定，定量了解了上述细菌的氨化率、亚硝化率、硝化率和反硝化率。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。