井

By the FEA model that the recharge effect had been taken into account, the surface settlement and the surface differential settlement of the ground surface which was out of the recharge position could be greatly reduced, the recharge effect at far foundation pit wasmuch more apparent than at the near position. By the FEA model that the water-seal effect had been taken into account, the surface settlement and surface differential settlement of the ground surface could be largely reduced; the reduction of the total settlement and the differential settlement increased as the length of water-seal wall grew.

考虑回灌作用的有限元模型计算分析表明：设置回灌井或者回灌排水沟都可减小回灌处以外的地表总的沉降和不均匀沉降，随着排水沟离开基坑边距离的增加，回灌点以外的总沉降量和不均匀沉降都减少，回灌井埋设深度对周围地表沉降影响较小；通过考虑止水帷幕的有限元模型计算分析表明：设置止水帷幕可大大减小基坑周围土体总沉降和不均匀沉降，随着打设止水帷幕深度的增加，基坑周围地表总沉降和不均匀沉降都减小。

The place of water-bearing belt, location of wells, depth of wells and type of wells can be determined by using the expert system.

系统可用于指导实际工作中裂隙富水带位置圈定和井位、井深、井型的确定。

So, some countermeasures should be taken. New drilling technologies will be introduced including wash boring and micro -foam drilling. High-calcium salt polymer drill fluid with strong inhabit will be used in drilling, whose density should be adjusted according to the situation. Bore frame should be adjusted, that is to say, the pressure has few differences at one whole barefoot interval and density of the drill fluid should be big enough before drilling.

对此，提出如下治理对策：采用新的钻井工艺，引进清水强钻和微泡沫钻并技术；钻井中使用强抑制性高钙盐聚合物钻井液，并合理调整其密度大小；调整井身结构，在一个裸眼井段内不能有压力悬殊的地层存在，在揭开储层前，应适当提高钻井液密度。

Taking the two-rate transient testing example of the ultra-deep horizontal well for non-saturated sandstone reservoir in H oilfield of tarim, it is proved that the theory is mature, applied condition is clear and definite, the effect is good.

经对塔里木H油田未饱和砂岩油藏超深水平井两流量不稳定试井实例分析，证实两流量不稳定试井技术理论成熟、应用条件明确、实施效果良好。

3Based the trait of the vegetable gum drilling and completion fluid, used LV-CMC,FJ-03, polyglycol, JL-α and SMP-Ⅰas the filtration control agents which should be optimized. Finally this paper optimized LV-CMC and polyglycol as the filtration control agents. In order to form a tough impermeable cake, this paper used QS-2 as the inflexible filling material according to the mechanism of fluid loss control.

根据植物胶钻井液完井液的特点，确定LV-CMC、FJ-03、聚乙二醇、JL-α、SMP-Ⅰ为降滤失剂的优选对象，通过实验优选出LV-CMC、聚乙二醇为植物胶钻井液完井液体系的降滤失剂，并根据钻井液的降滤失机理，为使形成更加坚韧致密的泥饼，确定QS-2作为刚性填充粒子。

The initial internal force of the drill string in 3D wells can thus be obtained from the curvature and the torsion of the well axis.

从而实现了由井眼轴线的曲率和挠率，计算得到复杂三维井眼中钻柱的初始内力。

The failure time of WPE monitoring well was predicted based on the time-temperature equivalence principle and the stress acting on well sections.

在分析检查井各受力部位的应力状况基础上，结合时温等效原理对WPE塑料检查井的寿命进行了预测。

Theories and method of fracture detection by down- going S-wave information from zero offset three-component VSP data were introduced.

介绍了利用纵波震源零井源距三分量VSP资料的下行横波信息对井旁裂缝进行检测的原理和实现方法。

In-situ monitoring gave the following results: 1 a tension stress zone occurred at the bottom of reinforced rock mass which indicated that the role of rock bolting was remarkable; 2 stress concentration at surrounding rock of main shaft was gradually transferred from shaft wall to complete rock mass far from shaft center; 3 vertical displacement was gradually smaller from up to bottom and from center to outside of the reinforced loose rock mass.

首先，建立了主溜井三维有限元计算模型，模拟了主溜井围岩的塌落破坏过程和加固后的加固体的稳定性及变形特性；同时，还采用多点位移计等对加固体的稳定性进行了实地监测。计算结果表明：网棚锚注加固体的纵剖面上的压力和位移规律是①加固体下部局部出现拉应力区，表明锚杆的使用是合理的；②加固体内的应力由塌落中心向周围围岩过渡，应力越来越大，最终将荷载传至围岩中；③从下到上下沉逐渐减小；④从加固体中心到周围下沉位移逐渐减小，且近似一条抛物线。

As to why these villages should be called wells, some say that as they are all located in a hole of a depressed area and surrounded on all sides by sky-kissing peaks, they look in physical terms like wells and that is why they are so named.

关于它们的名称，有的说是由于每个山村的四周群山环抱，中间深陷，地形似井，故以&井&字命名

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。