井

And it isconcluded that electric heating oil production should be applied in low water bearing wells,the liquid supply ability of high condensation point and high waxy oil wells can be less than 40m 3/d,and the liquid supply ability of viscous crude oil wells should be more than that.

通过对各类井筒温度分布曲线的综合分析得出：在电加热工艺选井方面，对高凝、高含蜡油井，应选择液量在 4 0 m3/ d以下且含水较低的井；而对于稠油井应选择供液能力较好且含水较低的井。

Therefore based on analysis of the status quo and the bottleneck points of the drilling and completion, effective measures have been put forward, including optimization of casing program, application of UBD and compound drilling, adoption of nonpermeable drilling fluid, diverting technology, rotating while cementing, casing optimization, horizontal drilling and extended reach well technology, etc.

为解决上述问题，在对钻井完井现状和难点进行分析的基础上，提出了有效的应对措施，主要包括优化井身结构，推广应用欠平衡钻井和复合钻井技术，采用非渗透钻井液、屏蔽暂堵技术和旋转固井技术，优选套管射孔完井，开展水平井和大位移井钻井工艺等。

The paper discusses briefly the differences between testing of CBM well and the conventional oil and gas well in aspects of well testing objects,petrographical structure,level of extraction,well test model and analysis methods of well testing results.

本文从煤层气试井的对象、煤岩结构、开采阶段、试井模型、试井分析方法等方面简要讨论了煤层气试井和常规油气井试井的差别。

The effects of the diameter of the stilling well on the hydraulic parameters of flow are analyzed.

从消能井体型优化出发，对竖井溢洪道消能井直径发生系列变化时的井内水流特性进行系统的试验研究，分析消能井直径变化对消能井内各水力参数的影响。

Regular measured parameters in CBM uncased hole have gamma-ray,long and short spaced artificial gamma,spontaneous potential,dual lateral,dual caliper,acoustic,compensated neutron,well temperature and deviation etc,while gamma-ray,acoustic amplitude,acoustic variable density...

煤层气裸眼井常测的参数有自然伽马、长短源距人工伽马、自然电位、双侧向、双井径、声波、补偿中子、井温、井斜等，而固井质量检查测井则用自然伽马、声幅、声波变密度和磁定位等方法。

Among these four varactors, two of them are fabricated on n-well and use the p-n junction between n-well and substrate to isolate substrate noise. The other two are fabricated on p-well and surrounded by deep n-well and n-well in order to isolated substrate noise.

这四种变容器中，其中两种生成於n型井上且利用介於n型井与基体的p-n接面隔绝基体杂讯；另外两种生成於p型井上且被深层n型井与n型井所包围以隔绝基体杂讯。

For each strategy, a corresponding exploitation plan of groundwater was designed. Then each designed exploitation plan (except scheme 3) was put into the model for calculation and simulation. The analysis on the forecasting results every plan indicates that:(1) Shuting down the self-provided wells is the most direct and effective method, playing an important role in the land subsidence prevention.(2) The resumption of compressed soil by groundwater artificial recharge is limited. So the artificial recharge can\'t provide essential effect for the resumption of land subsidence, unless the artificial recharge is much more than the groundwater withdrawal.(3) The method of "adjusting the exploitation stratum of groundwater to the shallow" has an obvious effect on the land subsidence prevention.(4)"Sand wells" can increase the leakage recharge for confined aquifer, and thus can slow and prevent the development of the land subsidence.(5) For the groundwater exploitation in Xi\'an, emergency self-provided wells should be managed according to the well spacing of 1600m, 2000m and 1600m, respectively, in the river terrace area, alluvial-proluvial fan area and loess tableland area to exploit the first confined groundwater. Corresponding individual well yield can be set as 2500m~3/d, 1500 m~3/d and 200 m~3/d. Make emergency self-provided wells pump in the dry year and stop pumping groundwater to restore and conserve underground water sources in average years and wet years. In this way, groundwater withdrawal of 162000m~3/d can be obtained to provide for the supplement of water supply in Xi\'an. As a result, the water supply stress can be released in dry years. The groundwater depression formed in the exploiting year can resume in 3-4 years. At the same time, this exploitation manner will not lead to obvious land subsidence.

本文利用所建的模型预测了现状开采条件下未来20年的地下水位和地面沉降的变化，在此基础上，提出了防治西安市地面沉降的五个地下水开采方案，利用所建的地面沉降模型对各个设计方案其进行了模拟和预报，对预测结果的分析表明：①封停自备井是防治地面沉降最为直接和最有效的对策，对防治地面沉降起着最为积极的作用；②采用人工回灌方法使被压缩的土层得到的恢复是非常有限的，对地面沉降不能起到根治作用，只有回灌量明显大于开采量时才能有一定的效果；③&调整开采层次，在浅层取水&对防治地面沉降的效果十分明显；④布设&砂井&可以增加对承压含水层的越流补给量，从而可以有效地缓解和控制地面沉降的发生和发展；⑤对西安市的地下水开采，可在河流阶地区、冲洪积扇区和黄土塬区分别采用1600m、2000m、1600m的井间距布置应急自备井，分别采用2500m~3/d、1500 m~3/d和200 m~3/d的单井开采量，开采第一承压水，在平水年或者丰水年不开采，涵养地下水源，在枯水年启动这些应急自备井开采，在输出分析范围内共可获得162000 m~3/d(5913万m~3/a)开采量，可以有效地补充西安市的供水水源，缓解供水紧张局面，开采年开采导致的下降的水位可在停采3～4年后得到基本恢复，同时，这种开采方式不会造成大的地面沉降量。

The wellbore trajectory control is the key and difficult point in slim hole cluster drilling technology.

井眼轨迹控制是小井眼丛式钻井技术的重点和难点，文中探讨了钻具组合、上部井眼曲率、钻井参数以及钻头选型对小井眼轨迹控制的影响，并建立了相应的井眼轨迹控制模式。

As an offshore wildcat well in Shengli Oilfield for eliminating formation contamination and demonstrating reserves, the composite perforation and open hole completion was ultilized in Chengbei 302 Well.

埕北302井是胜利油田布置的一口海上预探井，为减少油层污染、探明油藏储量，该井采用了射孔完井和裸眼完井的复合完井方式。

The procedure is applied in two projects:(1) Shanghai Huanqiu finance center tower foundation pit dewatering, the complicated flow state of groundwater is simulated under these conditions which the aquifers deposite layer by layer, the bottom of the aquifers goes deep to 149m, the horizontal flow barrier goes deep to 34m, the extraction wells are penetrated to 55m, the filters of the extraction wells are located between 34m to 55m, and the water level in the deep foundation pit is decreased to 26m under land surface, the result of 8 pumping wells optimization project is designed.(2) The forth subway of Dong Jia-du tunnel repair foundation pit dewatering in Shanghai, the complicated flow state of groundwater is simulated under these conditions which the aquifers deposite layer by layer, the bottom of the aquifers goes deep to 144.45m, the horizontal flow barrier goes deep to 65m, the extraction wells are penetrated to 60m, the filters of the extraction wells are located between 45m to 60m, and the water level in the deep foundation pit is decreased to 42.45m under land surface, then an optimization project is designed.

最后将成果分别应用于两个工程实例中：(1)上海环球金融中心塔楼基坑降水，模拟了在多层含水层复合存在、含水层最深底板埋深达149m、基坑周围挡水连续墙埋深达34m、抽水井埋深达55m、抽水井过滤器埋深为34至55m，基坑内地下水位降至埋深达26m的情况下的地下水复杂流动状态，得出了8口抽水井优化降水方案；(2)上海地铁4号线董家渡隧道修复基坑降水，模拟了在多层含水层复合存在、含水层最深底板埋深达144.45m、基坑周围挡水连续墙埋深达65m、抽水井埋深达60m、抽水井过滤器埋深为45至60m，基坑内地下水位降至埋深达42.45m的情况下的地下水复杂流动状态，确定出了最优降水方案。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了