五四

In this article the author holds that changing the gender relations in society was one of the major demands raised in the May 4th movement, That later on the gender issue was repeatedly impacted, to the point of being used as a claptrap to court public favor.

作者认为变革社会性别关系是"五四"运动的主要诉求之一。而在后来，"五四"的性别主题屡受冲击，甚至出现将性别关系、女性话题作为"卖点"的现象，作者以玩偶

The chapter also portions Andre Lefvere\'s concept of poetics into social poetics and personal poetics, in which although the latter is constrained by the former, yet the constraint is relative and they are sometimes identical while sometimes they are not, especially at the specified period of Chinese socio-cultural and historical transformation. The division of the poetical concept does help explain why there exist two kinds of translation strategies in China around the May 4* Movement, and fulfills the translation theory of Polysystem.

我们把勒弗维尔的诗学概念分为翻译的社会诗学和个人诗学，指出虽然个人诗学受社会诗学的影响和制约，但是这种影响和制约也是相对而非绝对的，它们有一致也有不一致的时候，这在五四前后中国特定的社会历史文化转型时期更是如此，从而有效地解释了五四前后中国译坛上两种翻译策略并存的独特现象，提高了多元系统的普适性，丰富和发展了文化翻译学理论。

ABSTRACT After the ebb-tide of the May 4th Movement, the Chinese modern thoughts and literary circles went from relative unity towards diversity Up to the 1930's, behind the spirit transformation at the end of the twenties, Chinese modern intellectuals began to relocate and redesign their own outlooks on life and literary ideal The Lunyu School, which was led by Zhou Zuoren and Lin Yutang, mostly appeared as leisure humorous essays in some journals, such as Lun Yu, Ren Jian Shi and Yu Zhou Feng which was edited by Lin Yutang It formed an unique landscape at that time This thesis focused on the Lunyu School as the main object of my study I investigate the Lunyu School by putting it into the vertical orbit of changes of the thoughts and literary circles after the May 4th Movement, and by comparing it with the mainstream of Left-wing and other literary schools in the thirties Through the exploration of Lunyu School's political and social thoughts, literary ideas and aspects of prose creation, I pursue the life choice of some free intellectuals in the thirties, and draw psychological outline of an age of intellectuals, which was very complicated and attractive during that specified time and space When we reconsider the rights and wrongs, the merits and demerits, and the gains and losses in theory and creations of Lunyu School intellectuals, any oversimplified study method would be of"no avail but the waste of mind"Unless ample estimation of their own complexity and contradiction is made, furthermore subtly delineates quite a lot of originates which caused these complexity and contradiction, the research will not be valuable In face of the whizzed coming Left-wing movement in literature, Lunyu School acted as a reconsideration in literary modernity such reconsideration is a layer of thinking They introspected intellectuals'essential mind and enlightened reason, querying the impulsive, swift and fierce ideological trend, judging by value in the relations between individuality and society, individuality and era, literature and politics.

五四落潮后，中国现代思想界、文学界由相对统一走向分化，至二十世纪三十年代，现代知识分子经由二十年代末期的精神蜕变，开始重新定位和设计自己的人生观和文学理想。以"京兆布衣"周作人为精神领袖、以林语堂为主帅的论语派，以幽默闲适小品文相号召，在林语堂主编的一系列刊物《论语》、《人间世》、《宇宙风》上聚集，南北呼应，造成了当时文坛的一种独特景观。本论文以论语派为研究对象，将其放在五四以后文学界与思想界变动的纵向轨迹上，放在与三十年代左翼主流话语的颉颃及与其它文学流派的比照中加以考察，通过对论语派政治社会思想、文学观念及散文创作诸方面的探讨，追索三十年代一部分自由知识分子的人生选择，勾划出他们在一个特定时空里复杂又极具魅力的心理轮廓。学术界对论语派中一些主要作家已有较深入的研究，但迄今为止，尚无从整体上对这一文学流派作宏观研究的专著，而陈旧的理论视界又往往阻碍了对论语派的重新评价。

One of the reasons that causes the ambiguity of our memory is that people of th e May 4th generation,when they recalled the movement,often expressed factious vi ews.

在这方面，许多五四新文化运动的当事人因常常说其所属的"家派"的话，虽大致是无意的但也影响了后人关于五四的记忆。

On the one hand, realism theory of May 4th Movement itself has the source of making novels "formularization". On the other hand, realists of May 4th Movement emphasize too much on the times and the society.

一方面，建立在"应合理论"之上的五四现实主义理论本身就含有导致小说走向"公式化"的根源；另一方面，五四现实主义者对时代、社会过于强调，以及对"现实真实"的严格预(来源：A97BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)设也阻碍了作者对世界多样想象的可能，而流于雷同。

The contents of Chinese liberalism in the period of May 4th Movement is of great diversity, the core of which is the individualism as a style of Ibsenism. To achieve the ultimate purpose, Chinese liberalists in wusi period carry out a thorough anti-traditionalism; they criticize feudalism patriachal clan system thoughts; they pay close attention to women liberation.

五四自由主义的内容是多方面的，其核心是个人主义，主要表现为易卜生主义；为了终极的目的，中国五四时期的自由主义者采取了全盘的反传统主义；对以孔教为中心的封建伦理思想进行了否定；对中国封建宗法思想进行批判；对妇女解放给予关注。

In his own theoretical framework, Hu Feng found out an unique method of interpretation: to"twist"or even yield to his opponent for his own"Right", which immediately involves the originality of Hu Feng's theoretical system: he made Marxism subjective, combined it with literary and artistic practice since the May 4th Movement. This thesis takes"On the Way of Realism"and"Reports on the Literary and Artistic Practice since Literation"as the main texts for discussion, and concretely expounds Hu Feng's theoretical foundations and meanings as in"writing about reality","humanism","socialist spirit","Five Knifes".

因而，本稿把这两种文化作为胡风文学观的主要背景，基于对以毛泽东的文艺政策为代表的"抗战文化"的文化心理的理解，解明胡风文学观所体现的两种文化的冲突与整合过程。1949年新政权成立以后，以一种政策性的强制方式来把毛泽东文艺思想先验化、教条化，针对这一形势，胡风以"五四"传统作为自身理论的内在参照系，努力探索自身传统的历史合理性与必然性，而在自己的理论框架中，产生了一种特殊的解释方式，即为自己的"正确"，"曲解"对方，迁就对方，这直接牵涉到胡风理论体系的独创性：他把马克思主义主观化，与"五四"以来的文艺实践结合，由此建构出一套新的理论体系。

The topic of the first chapter in the text is " the Humanistic Literature: the ontic image creating of the May 4th Literature", which is to discuss the ontic image creating and reasons in the dynamic procession of the Literature theory construction in the May 4th movement.

正文第一章题为"人的文学：五四文学本体意象的创造"，在五四文学理论建设的动态过程中论述文学本体意象的创造及其原因。

Thus he is an appropriate objective to investigate the vicissitudinous relations between a writers changeable thoughts and works and the ambience. Thirdly, Ba Jin insists on the spirit of the enlightenment of May Fourth. This is a basic point throughout his life. In this sense, he is a best embodiment of the spiritual values of May fourth in modern China.

第三，巴金一直是一个坚持五四启蒙文学精神的作家，一生中虽然不断调整自己的姿态但这个基点一直未变，从这个意义上讲，他更能体现出五四的精神价值在二十世纪的中国所经历的沧桑沉浮。

Under the direct influence of both the new cultural movement of the May 4 and a vigorous exchange between Chinese and western scho...

五四时期的史学受到五四新文化运动的直接影响，从观点到方法、从内容到形式都呈现出了全新的面貌。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。