二酸的

After esterification, the ethyl-2-chloro-3-phenylpropionate reacts with diethyl malonate under the catalysis of sodium ethylate, and we obtain the corresponding triethyl ester. The-benzylsuccinic acid is formed by the triethyl ester reacting with concentrate hydrochloric acid and taking place hydrolyzation and decarboxylation reaction at the same time. In order to avoid the formation of cinnamic acid, the sodium ethylate and diethyl malonate must be react sufficiently. The course has simple operation, inexpensive materials and better yield.

具体制备工艺为：首先以L-苯丙氨酸为原料采用重氮化方法得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸，再经酯化得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸乙酯后在乙醇钠催化作用下和丙二酸二乙酯缩合，发生SN2反应，得到相应的三乙酯，然后经水解和脱羧，得到-苄基丁二酸；在实验中乙醇钠要和丙二酸二乙酯充分反应，避免生成肉桂酸乙酯；该过程操作简单，原料便宜，产率较高，总收率可达到26.8%。

Analysis of the treated aqueous solution was conducted with GC-MS,and the main intermediates during phenol degradation were isobutyric acid,malonic acid,benzoquinone,butenoic acid,oxalic acid,maleic acid,succinic acid,hydroquinone,catechol and resorcin.

利用GC-MS分析了苯酚降解主要中间产物为异丁酸、丙二酸、对苯醌、丁烯酸、乙二酸、顺丁烯二酸、丁二酸、邻苯二酚、对苯二酚及间苯二酚等，并据此推测了苯酚电催化氧化的可能反应途径。

The DSC results showed that calcium carbonate,sodium benzoate and terephthalic acid were the nucleating agents of polypropylene with high thermal stability of the nucleating effect,while the thermal stability of nucleating effect of pimelic acid,suberic acid,azelaic acid,and the two component nucleating agents suberic acid/calcium carbonate and azelaic acid/calcium carbonate were poor.

研究了碳酸钙、苯甲酸钠、对苯二甲酸和脂肪二元酸：庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸及其与碳酸钙组成的双组分成核剂对聚丙烯结晶成核效果的热稳定性。结果表明，高熔点物质碳酸钙、对苯二甲酸、苯甲酸钠的成核效果的热稳定性高，而脂肪二元酸的成核热稳定性低。庚二酸与碳酸钙组成的双组分成核剂的成核热稳定性高，但辛二酸、壬二酸与碳酸钙组成的双组分成核剂的成核热稳定性没有得到改善。

The yield of succinic acid increases by 25 g/L and the strain Actinobacillus succinogenes HF-7 has good application of industrial fermentation.

代谢工艺的优化将丁二酸的产量提高了约25 g/L，使得菌株具有进一步的工业应用潜力。

Azelaic acid showed a higher relative antifeeding rate or a promotion effect on eating, and the absolute antifeeding rate of its ethyl acetate solution could reach 100 percent.

壬二酸的相对拒食率有的较高，有的表现为促进取食的作用，其乙酸乙酯溶液的完全拒食虫率高达100%。

The influence of microwave radiation on Ullmann reaction has been investigated by three Ullmann reactions, including triphenylamine formed by treating the diphenylamine with bromobenzene or Chlorobenzene which substitutes Iodobenzene; 4,4\'-dimethyltriphenylamine formed by treating 4,4\'-dimethyldiphenylamine with bromobenzene which substitutes Iodobenzene; 4,4\',4-trinitrotriphenylamine formed by treating 4-chloronitrobenzene with p-nitroaniline in this paper.

实验表明，在微波辐射条件下，顺式比反式迈克尔反应活性高；若在丁烯二酸的双键上引入甲基后，降低了进行迈克尔加成反应的活性；引入酯基对双键的影响比腈基有利于进行迈克尔反应，丙烯酸甲酯较丙烯腈的迈克尔反应活性高。

Firstly, the reactions of glutaric acid, sebacic acid and propargyl alcohol afforded two dipropargylesters:(CH≡CCH_2OCO)_2(CH_2)_3 (compound 1) and (CH≡CCH_2OCO)_2 (CH_2)_8 (compound 2),respectively.

首先，本文分别选用戊二酸，癸二酸与丙炔醇反应得到了两个新的有机二酸二丙炔醇酯：戊二酸二丙炔醇酯(CH≡CCH_2OCO)_2(CH_2)_3(化合物1)和癸二酸二丙炔醇酯(CH≡CCH_2OCO)_2(CH_2)_8(化合物2)。

Definitive diagnosis relies on analysis of organic acids in plasma and/or urine by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry; the concentration of methylmalonic acid is greatly increased in the plasma, urine, and CSF of affected individuals.

确诊需要通过气相－液相层析和质谱进行血浆和／或尿液中的有机酸分析；甲基丙二酸的浓度在患者的血浆、尿液和脑脊液中大大提高。

Reaction of 9-bromofluorenewith diethyl malonate and sodium carbonate gives diethyl 2-(9-Fluorenyl)malonate.Aminolysis of diethyl 2-(9-Fluorenyl)malonate in ethylenediamine and propylene diamine give〓 and 〓, respectively.〓 and 〓 were synthesized by the reaction of 9-bromofluorene with oxalyl bisethylenediamine. Copper and nickel complexes of 〓 and 〓 were obtained by the reaction of 〓 and 〓 with copper and nickel salt, respectively, in aqueoussolution and extrusion of two hydrogen ions from the amide groups.

使9-溴芴与丙二酸二乙酯在无水碳酸钠存在下反应合成出2-(9-芴基)丙二酸二乙酯。2-(9-芴基)丙二酸二乙酯在乙二胺中胺解得到配体〓，2-(9-芴基)丙二酸二乙酯在1，2-丙二胺中胺解得到配体〓，使9-溴芴与草酰二乙二胺作用得到配体〓和〓与相应的金属盐作用分别得到它们的铜、镍配合物。

On the other hand, Pb~ coordination polymers with 1,4-nda and 2,6-nda exhibit the distinct 3-D 5-connected network and 3-fold interpenetrated diamond framework, revealing the isomeric effect of such tectons.

另外萘二酸的同分异构效应对晶体结构的影响可以在两个由1，4-nda和2，6-nda构筑的pb~化合物中看出(5和6)，它们表现出截然不同的5-连接三维结构和三重互穿金刚石拓扑结构。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。