二酸

In part one, the reactions of some active fluorine-containing compounds such as 2, 2-dihydropolyfluoroalkanoic acids and ethyl 2-hydropolyfluoroalkenoates were studied and various fluorine-containing heterocyclic compounds were synthesized. Using 2, 2-dihydropolyfluoroalkanoic acids as the starting material, 4-fluoroalkyl quinolin-2-ols, 2- [ -1-hydropolyfluoro-1-alkenyl] -4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-ones, 1-aryl -4, 9-dihydro-3-fluoro-alkyl-1H-pyrazo [3, 4-b] quinolin-4-ones, 5-fluoroalkyl-12H-quin olino [2, 1-b] quinazolin-12-ones, 4-fluoroalkyl-1, 3-dihydro-1, 5-benzodiazepin-2-ones and 4-fluoroalkyl-2H-pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrimidin-2-ones were synthesized through its condensation reaction with anilines, anthranilic acid, N'-aryl-o-aminobenzamides, o-nitro aniline, o-amino pyridine and their derivatives and the subsequent transformations. 5-Fluoroalkyl isoxazolidines, 3-fluoro-3-fluoroalkylisoxazolidino [4, 3-c] quinolin-4-ones, 3-fluoroalkylisoxazolino [4, 3-c] quinolin-4-ones and 2-aryl-3per fluoroacylindoles were synthesized by inter-and intramolecular 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition of fluorine-containing olefins and nitrones.

第二部分，我们研究了α，α-二氟苄基卤类化合物的亚磺化脱卤反应、产物的转化及全氟烷基亚磺酸盐与芳环化合物的全氟烷基化反应，发现全氟苄基碘或溴及α，α一二氟苄基溴在保险粉等亚磺化脱卤试剂引发下可生成相应的亚磺酸盐；全氟苄基亚磺酸盐与氯气或溴反应可生成全氟苄基磺酰氯或磺酰溴；在烯烃存在下，全氟苄基碘则与烯烃发生加成反应，生成相应的1：1加成产物；在三价醋酸锰的作用下，部分芳香化合物如茴香醚，二甲氧基苯，吡啶，喹啉等可以和过量的全氟烷基亚磺酸盐发生双全氟烷基化反应，反应表现出一定的区域选择性，产率良好。

New ruthenium benzylidene complexes benzylidene[1,3-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene] [k~2-diphenylphosphinoacetato] monochlororuthenium (46), benzylidene[1,3-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene][k~2-3-propionato]monochlororuthenium (47), benzylidene[1,3-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene] [k~2-2-benzonato]monochlororuthenium (48) featured five-membered, flexible six-membered and rigidsix-membered chelating rings respectively are prepared by reactions of complex 41 withcorresponding sodium phosphino-carboxylates. It is confirmed by X-ray crystallographicanalysis that the coordination geometries of complexes 46 and 47 are distorted squarepyramids with phosphino-carboxylate ligands chelating to ruthenium, and the coordinationbetween ruthenium and benzylidene ligands are strengthened.

用二苯基瞵乙酸盐、二苯基膦丙酸盐、二苯基膦苯甲酸盐与钌卡宾配合物41反应合成了三个新的钌卡宾配合物：含五元膦-氧螯合环的1，3-二-(2，6-二甲苯基)-4，5-二氢咪唑基1-苯亚甲基--一氯合钌(46)、含六元柔性膦-氧螯合环的[1，3-二-(2，6-二甲苯基)-4，5-二氢咪唑基1-苯亚甲基--一氯合钌(47)及含六元刚性膦-氧螯合环的[1，3-二-(2，6-二甲苯基)-4，5-二氢咪唑基]-苯亚甲基--一氯合钌(48)。X射线单晶衍射分析证明，配合物46、47都为变形的四方锥构型，膦-氧与钌形成螯合配位，其中苯亚甲基与钌的配位得以加强。

Given the current complexity of industrial recovery of 3'-methyl-2'-butenyl 3, 3-dimethyl-pentenoate and the decomposition problems with 2-methyl-1-butene, research was conducted on a process for direct recycling of MBDP involving an ester exchange reaction of MBDP with either methanol, trimethyl orthoacetate, or solutions of methanol and trimethyl orthoacetate.

针对目前工业上回收3，3-二甲基－4-戊烯酸－3'-甲基－2'-丁烯酯工艺复杂、异戊烯大量分解问题，研究了MBDP直接返回循环使用工艺，MBDP与甲醇、原乙酸三甲酯或与甲醇原乙酸三甲酯混合溶液进行酯交换反应的回收新工艺，比较了四异丙基钛酸酯、甲醇钠、氢氧化钾用作酯交换催化剂的效果，筛选出回收MBDP&一锅煮&最佳工艺：按照n：n：n：n＝1.0：9.8：9.2：0.05物质的量比投料，74℃~78℃反应21h，MBDP转化为贲亭酸甲酯和异戊烯醇，单程转化率87.7%，用85%的磷酸中和甲醇钠，蒸出甲醇，直接用于合成贲亭酸甲酯。

Attempts in part I of the dissertation were to develop microemulsion systems using medium chain triglyceride, Captex 300, deionized water (H2O), and TPGS as surfactant for the oral delivery of protein drugs or poorly water soluble drugs. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to elucidate the phase behavior of systems composed of medium-chain triglyceride and water with TPGS as main surfactant, polysorbates (Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 and Tween 80) as adjuvant surfactants, and polyethylene glycols (PEG 400 and PEG 600) and polyols (ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol and glycerin) as cosurfactants.

藉由拟三相图（Pseudo-ternary Phase Diagrams）的建立来了解中链型三酸甘油酯、去离子水及TPGS为主要界面活性剂配合聚醇山梨酯（如Tween 20、Tween 40、Tween 60及Tween 80）为辅助界面活性剂或聚乙二醇（如PEG 400及PEG 600）及多醇类（如乙二醇、1，2-丙二醇、1，3-丙二醇、1，3-丁二醇、1，4-丁二醇及甘油作为共界面活性剂所形成的微乳基剂之相变化。

A phospho molybdic acid catalyst was investigated for the esterification of fumaric acid with methanol in this paper.

研究了以磷钼酸为催化剂，富马酸和甲醇为原料合成富马酸二甲酯，探讨了酸醇量比、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺参数对 DMF收率的影响。

In this paper, the glyoxal structure both in reagent and in bulking solution were detected by infrared spectro and mass spectra, the result shows that there is no aldehyde group but only hydrate existing in both solutions. Besides, the mechanism of the ac-tion between glyoxal and waterlogged wood is discussed and some problems like how to prevent the bulk-ing solution from acidification are also mentioned.

此外，还运用红外光谱和质谱法测定了试剂乙二醛和加固液的结构，详细讨论了乙二酯在试剂和加固液中官能团的存在形式和聚合状态的细微变化，指出在二种溶液中并不存在醛基，乙二醛仅以水合物的形式存在并讨论了乙二醛与饱水古木的作用机理，提出用醇溶液能有效控制乙二醛使用中易返酸等问题。

Both three-dimensional chiral compounds have intriguing chiral channels, which are built up of homochiral intertwined double helices. The circular dichroism spectra of 1 and 2 in water have shown they are stable in solution, which document they will be significantly useful in asymmetric catalysis and chiral medicine.

以Keggin结构多金属氧酸盐为建筑单元，通过手性的铜-脯氨酸配合物作为模板剂构筑了2个基于Keggin结构多金属氧酸盐的3D纯手性化合物，化合物1和2是一对对映体，代表了世界上第一例3D手性多酸化合物，具有由同手性螺旋缠绕形成的手性孔道，水溶液中的圆二色谱表征这个3D手性化合物可稳定存在，显示这个物种可以在不对称催化及手性药物方面有潜在的巨大的应用价值。

Meanwhile, we also well lay stress on the research and development for new products, separately cooperate with Shandong Food Fermentation Institute and High-Tech Fine Chemical Institute of Qingdao Chemical Industrial University, to study derivatives of itaconic acid such as itaconic anhydride, mono-methyl itaconate, dimethyl itaconate, and develop and produce them, which will be better service our customers, then do our best to make our company be best quality, best service and largest manufacturer for itaconic acid and its derivatives.

与此同时，我公司非常注重新产品的研究和开发，分别与山东省食品发酵研究院、青岛化工学院高新精细化学研究所进行合作，研究衣康酸衍生物，如衣康酸酐、衣康酸单酯、衣康酸二甲酯等的用途及开发利用，从而更好地服务于客户。力争把公司建成国内最大、质量最好、服务最佳的衣康酸及下游产品的生产厂家。

Meanwhile, we also well lay stress on the research and development for new products, separately cooperate with Shandong Food Fermentation Institute and High-Tech Fine Chemical Institute of Qingdao Chemical Industrial University, to study derivatives of itaconic acid such as itaconic anhydride, mono-methyl itaconate, dimethyl itaconate, and develop and produce them, which will be better service our customers, then do our best to make our company be best quality, best service and largest manufacturer for itaconic acid and its deviratives.

与此同时，我公司非常注重新产品的研究和开发，分别与山东省食品发酵研究院、青岛化工学院高新精细化学研究所进行合作，研究衣康酸衍生物，如衣康酸酐、衣康酸单酯、衣康酸二甲酯等的用途及开发利用，从而更好地服务于客户。力争把公司建成国内最大、质量最好、服务最佳的衣康酸及下游产品的生产厂家。

The synthesis of dimethyl fumarate was studied from maleic anhydride and methanol with phospho molybdic acid as the catalyst and bromate as the isomerization catalyst by one-step in this short paper.

采用固体杂多酸磷钼酸为催化剂，溴酸盐为异构化剂，经顺酐一步合成了富马酸二甲酯，探讨了醇酐比、反应时间、催化剂的量、异构化剂的量以及异构化时间对合成DMF收率的影响，并确立了最佳反应条件。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。