二苯乙烯

When ATRP of styrene was investigated with 1-phenylethyl bromide/benzyl a,a-dibromide mixture as initiator, the GPC chromatogram shows two elution peaks and the molecular weighs of the peaks are approximately in a 2/1 ratio. It suggests that benzyl dibromide is a difunctional initiator of ATRP of styrene. The analysis of end group using 1H-NMR also proves the result above.

采用1-苯基溴乙烷／α，α-二溴化苄混合引发剂进行苯乙烯的ATRP反应时，所得聚苯乙烯的GPC谱图为双峰，分子量相差一倍，初步证明了α，α-二溴化苄引发苯乙烯ATRP反应时是双官能引发剂，并用~1H-NMR对聚合物结构进行分析，进一步证明了α，α-二溴化苄引发苯乙烯ATRP时是双端同时增长的。

In the three systems, system realizes the crosslinking of PVC bases on the peroxide crosslinking mechanism, the tensile strength of crosslinked PVC has been improved somewhat, the IR spectrum of gel demonstrates that there are characteristic absorption peaks of n-alcohol that belongs to ethanol amine and benzenoid group. From the analysis of gel structure , deduces that the mechanism of crosslinking reaction: under the initiations of peroxide and high temperature, PVC yields macromolecules free radicals, at the same time , styrene"s polymerization and grafting onto PVC takes place, at last the system forms crosslinking structure through coupling between radicals; confirms that triethanol amine can absorb HC1 produced by degradation of PVC, so improves the crosslinking efficiency of peroxide, decreases the HCl"s promotion for PVC"s degradation; deduces that triethanol amine can activate the PVC macromolecules and prolong the free radicals" life-time of PVC macromolecules; the effect to the PVC macromolecule makes styrenes graft reaction easy, and thus improves the crosslinking efficiency.

三种体系中三乙醇胺/过氧化二异丙苯/苯乙烯体系基于过氧化物交联机理实现了聚氯乙烯的交联，聚氯乙烯交联后拉伸强度有一定提高，凝胶红外光谱分析证实了凝胶结构中含有乙醇胺的伯醇基团特征吸收和苯环的特征吸收，由凝胶结构分析，推断出交联反应的机理：聚氯乙烯在过氧化物和热作用下产生大分子自由基，苯乙烯在过氧化物和大分子自由基的作用下发生聚合和接枝反应，最终通过自由基之间的偶合产生交联；证实三乙醇胺可以吸收聚氯乙烯分解产生的HCl，提高了过氧化物的交联效率，消弱了HCl对聚氯乙烯降解的促进作用；推断三乙醇胺可以活化聚氯乙烯大分子并有可能使聚氯乙烯大分子自由基存在的时间得以延长，对聚氯乙烯大分子的作用使苯乙烯的接枝反应易于发生，从而提高了交联效率。

Attributed to the lubricant-effect of flexible LCPB,cold crystallization was observed in stereoblock PB.Bd-Ip block copolymersHTPB-b-PI,C-(PI-b-HTPBn,C-n,and PI-b-HTPB -b-PI and Bd-St block copolymersHTPB-b-PS,C-(PS-b-HTPBn,C-n, and PS-b-HTPB-b-PS containing crystallizable HTPB were well synthesized,the microstructures and properties of the copolymers were investigated in detail.

通过与异戊二烯或者苯乙烯共聚，合成了含高反式聚丁二烯的丁二烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物包括HTPB-b-PI，C-(PI-b-HTPBn，C-n和PI-b-HTPB-b-PI和丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物包括HTPB-b-PS，C-(PS-b-HTPBn，C-n和PS-b-HTPB-b-PS，对嵌段共聚物的结构和性能进行了系统的研究。

Attributed to the lubricant-effect of flexible LCPB,cold crystallization was observed in stereoblock PB.Bd-Ip block copolymersHTPB-b-PI,C-(PI-b-HTPBn,C-n,and PI-b-HTPB -b-PI and Bd-St block copolymersHTPB-b-PS,C-(PS-b-HTPBn,C-n, and PS-b-HTPB-b-PS containing crystallizable HTPB were well synthesized,the microstructures and properties of the copolymers were investigated in detail.

加热器通过与异戊二烯或者苯乙烯共聚，合成了含高反式聚丁二烯的丁二烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物包括HTPB-b-PI，C-(PI-b-HTPBn，C-n和PI-b-HTPB-b-PI和丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物包括HTPB-b-PS，C-(PS-b-HTPBn，C-n和PS-b-HTPB-b-PS，对嵌段共聚物的结构和性能进行了系统的研究。

Dibutyltin maleate,dioctyltin maleate,N-phenyl maleimide, N-(p-chlorophenyl) maleimide,N-(p-nitrophenyl) maleimide with unsaturated groups were synthesized using dibutyltin oxide,dioctyltin oxide,maleic anhydride, aniline,p-chloroaniline,p-nitroaniline as raw materials,respectively.Then dibutyltin male,ate/styrene bipolymer,dibutyltin maleate/styrene/methyl acrylate terpolymer,dibutyltin maleate/styrene/N-phenyl maleimide terpolymer ,dibutyltin maleate/styrene/N-(p-chlorophenyl) maleimide terpolymer ,dibutyltin maleate/styrene/N-(p-nitrophenyl) maleimide terpolymer ,dioctyltin maleate/styrene biopolymer,dioctyltin maleate/styrene/methyl acrylate terpolymer,dioctyltin maleate/styrene/ N-phenyl maleimide terpolymer,dioctyltin maleate/styrene/ N-(p-ehlorophenyl) maleimide terpolymer[P(DOTM/St/NC1PMI)],dioctyltin maleate/styrene/N-(p-nitrophenyl) maleimide terpolymerwere synthesized using DBTO,DOTO,PMI,N-p-ClPMI,N-p-NOPMI,styrene and methyl acrylate as monomers,respectively.

再以DBTO，DOTO，PMI，N-p-ClPMI，N-p-NOPMI，苯乙烯，丙烯酸甲酯等为单体，合成了马来酸二丁基锡/苯乙烯二元共聚物{P}，马来酸二丁基锡/苯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯三元共聚物{P}，马来酸二丁基锡/苯乙烯/N-苯基马来酰亚胺三元共聚物{P(DBTM/St/NPMI)}，马来酸二丁基锡/苯乙烯/N-对氯苯基马来酰亚胺三元共聚物{P(DBTM/St/NClPMI)}，马来酸二丁基锡/苯乙烯/N-对硝基苯基马来酰亚胺三元共聚物{P(DBTM/St/NNOPMI)}，马来酸二辛基锡/苯乙烯二元共聚物{P}，马来酸二辛基锡/苯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯三元共聚物{P}，马来酸二辛基锡/苯乙烯/N-苯基马来酰亚胺三元共聚物{P(DOTM/St/NPMI)}，马来酸二辛基锡/苯乙烯/N-对氯苯基马来酰亚胺三元共聚物{P(DOTM/St/NClPMI)}，马来酸二辛基锡/苯乙烯/N-对硝基苯基马来酰亚胺三元共聚物{P(DOTM/St/NNOPMI)}。

When ATRP of styrene was investigated with 1-phenylethyl bromide/benzyl a,a-dibromide mixture as initiator, the GPC chromatogram shows two elution peaks and the molecular weighs of the peaks are approximately in a 2/1 ratio. It suggests that benzyl dibromide is a difunctional initiator of ATRP of styrene. The analysis of end group using 1H-NMR also proves the result above.

采用1-苯基溴乙烷／α，α-二溴化苄混合引发剂进行苯乙烯的ATRP反应时，所得聚苯乙烯的GPC谱图为双峰，分子量相差一倍，初步证明了α，α-二溴化(来源：ABf399C论文网www.abclunwen.com)苄引发苯乙烯ATRP反应时是双官能引发剂，并用~1H-NMR对聚合物结构进行分析，进一步证明了α，α-二溴化苄引发苯乙烯ATRP时是双端同时增长的。

In the mixed solvent of dimethyl phthalate / TBP or phenyl ether / TBP, the selectivity for styrene oxide is good but the conversion of styrene is low due to the coordination to the catalyst of the solvent.

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯或二苯醚等与磷酸三丁酯的混合溶剂中环氧化的选择性较高，但由于溶剂对催化剂的配位作用抑制了催化剂的活性，苯乙烯转化率很低；当部分的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯或二苯醚被甲苯取代后，苯乙烯的转化率提高，生成环氧苯乙烷的选择性不变。

In this thesis, this system is used for epoxidation of propylene and styrenewith good results. The solvent effect is investigated for epoxidation of styrene. In the mixedsolvent of dimethyl phthalate / TBP or phenyl ether / TBP, the selectivity for styreneoxide is good but the conversion of styrene is low due to the coordination to thecatalyst of the solvent. When part of dimethyl phthalate or phenyl ether is replacedby toluene, the conversion increases and the selectivity keeps constant.

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯或二苯醚等与磷酸三丁酯的混合溶剂中环氧化的选择性较高，但由于溶剂对催化剂的配位作用抑制了催化剂的活性，苯乙烯转化率很低；当部分的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯或二苯醚被甲苯取代后，苯乙烯的转化率提高，生成环氧苯乙烷的选择性不变。

Underoptimal conditions, in toluene / dimethyl phthalate / TBP, after EAHQ was oxidizedwith 〓, then the catalyst and styrene were added, the conversion of styrene basedon EAHQ is 68%, the selectivity for styrene oxide based on styrene is 92% and theTON of the catalyst is 500; in toluene / phenyl ether / TBP, epoxidation of styrenewas performed with 〓 generated in situ, the conversion is 46%, the selectivity is94% and the product can be separated by distillation under reduced pressure.

优化条件下，甲苯／邻苯二甲酸二甲酯／TBP(2／2／1，体积比)中，EAHQ先用〓氧化完全后，再加入催化剂A和苯乙烯进行环氧化反应苯乙烯相对于EAHQ的转化率为68％，生成环氧苯乙烷的选择性为92％，催化剂A的TON达到500；甲苯／二苯醚／TBP(1／3／1，体积比)中，原位生成〓条件下苯乙烯相对于EAHQ的转化率为46％，生成环氧苯乙烷的选择性为94％，产物可通过减压蒸馏分离。

One monolayer of CSB deposited on Au/Ge(111)-√3 at 220 K followed by cooling to 100 K leads to the formation of a well ordered (2×1) structure as observed by LEED. The TPD spectra for CSB thermal desorption from Au/Ge(111)-√3 exhibit showed two well-resolved peaks at Tp = 243 and 274 K corresponding to multilayer and monolayer desorption, respectively.

我们也尝试利用LEED观察二苯乙烯吸附在(√3×√3)R30°表面的规则排列，并且成功看到(2×1)的LEED绕射图谱，另外我们也架设一组氦氖雷射来测定表面上吸附物的光学反射率变化，在金属覆盖的锗(111)单晶表面上，确定Au覆盖量不同会造成反射的变化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。