二羧酸

The results of clinical assessment showed that levosimendan was safe and effective which could improve the prognosis of the patients and kept normal blood kinetics. By improving the reported synthetic route, levosimendan was synthesized from acetanilide via eight steps of reaction.

本论文探索了左西孟旦的合成路线，对文献报道的合成工艺进行了合理有效的改进，以乙酰苯胺为原料，最终经Friedel-Crafts反应，羰基α-位溴代，丙二酸二乙酯缩合，水解，脱羧，环合，拆分及重氮化加成等八步反应合成了左西孟旦。

Then Doripenem came into the market in the July ,2005. We studied the synthesis of Doripemen.Firstly, we synthesized the chemical 2 from the starting material------o-hydroxylphenylacylamine through Reformastky reaction, alkylation, Diekmann reaction, enolization, esterification and etc. Secondly, we synthesized the chemical 3 from L — hydroxylproline through the protection of carboxyl, amidogen and hydroxyl group, reduction by NaBr, SN_2 substitution and Mitsumobu reaction.

我们以水杨酰胺为起始原料，经Reformatsky反应、烷基化、Diekmann环合、烯醇化、酯化等反应合成双环母核2；再从L-羟基脯氨酸出发，经酯化保护羧基、保护氨基、保护羟基、硼氢化还原酯得醇、Sn2取代和Mitsumobu反应等合成巯基侧链3；最后由化合物3经脱保护、水解得硫醇，和化合物2在二异丙基乙基胺的作用下缩合，最后Pd／C催化脱保护，历经16步反应最终得到产物多尼培南。

Capric betaine was prepared through ammonolysis of α-chlorododecanoic acid with trimethylamine. The participation effect of the neighboring carboxyl group of α-CDA on dynamics and thermodynamics of the reaction was investigated.

以α-氯代十二酸与三甲胺的氨解反应制备α-癸基甜菜碱，研究了α-CDA在与三甲胺氨解反应中邻位羧基对反应动力学和热力学的影响。

Any of various natural or synthetic compounds containing two or more amino acids linked by the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

肽一种自然或人工的合成物，包括二个或二个以上氨基酸，通过一个氨基酸的酸基和另一个的羧基结合而成

Sequencing revealed that the most common genes appearedin the library is photorespiratory-related genes, such as ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, Rubisco activase, glyoxylate aminotransferase, glutamine synthetase,glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, ferredoxin, transport protein, etc.

测序之后发现最为显著的是一些光呼吸相关的基因如核酮糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化／加氧酶、Rubisco激活酶、乙醛酸转氨酶、谷氨酸转氨酶、甘油醛脱氢酶、铁氧还原蛋白和转运蛋白等。

Production technology of synthesis of allantoin are reviewed, including glyoxal oxidation, electrochemical synthesis, calcium glyoxylate synthesis, dichloroacetic acid synthesis, acetochloral method, and oxidative decarboxylation.

评述了乙二醛氧化法、电化学法、乙醛酸钙法、尿素三氯乙醛合成法、尿酸二氯乙酸法和尿酸氧化脱羧法等合成尿囊素的各种工艺。

Thiazolidiane-4-carboxylic acid was prepared and used as the aid catalyst that has strengthened the catalytic effect of chloroplatinic acid, greatly improved the yield of the hydrosilylation of methyldichlorosilane with allychloride, and made the yield get to 64.9%.

通过比较，选用自制的含硫化合物4-羧基-1，3-噻唑烷作助催化剂，大大增强了氯铂酸的催化活性，使甲基二氯硅烷与氯丙烯的加成反应以较高产率得到γ-氯丙基甲基二氯硅烷，产率可达64.9%。

It could be synthesized by a key intermediate 2-pentylidene cyclopentanone formed a condensation starting from cyclopentanone and n-valeraldehyde, followed by isomerization, Michael addition and a selective decarboxylation.

本文研究了以正戊醛和环戊酮为基本原料，经缩合反应、异构化反应、Michael加成反应和脱羧反应等制备二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯的化学合成方法和工艺。

The first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis is the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA using CO2 in the form of bicarbonate HCO3-.

在脂肪酸的从头合成过程中，参入脂肪酸链的二碳单位的直接提供者并不是乙酰CoA，而是乙酰CoA的羧化产物——丙二酸单酰CoA(malonyl-CoA)。

The chemical analysis result of modified lignin by alkaline-oxygen treatment is as following:The chemical analysis result of modified lignin by alkaline-oxygen treatment showed that the carboxyl group of modified lignin increased, since muconic acid type structure were generated from phenolic structure by ring-open reaction during alkaline-oxygen treatment.

氧碱处理改性木素的化学分析结果见下表；┌────┬────┬─────┬────────────────┬────┐│改性本素│OCH_3│总糖│C_9单元式│COOH │├────┼────┼─────┼────────────────┼────┤│O_4 │8.49 │0.07 │C_9H_(10.45)O_(3.7)(OCH_3)_(053)│10.82 │└────┴────┴─────┴────────────────┴────┘氧碱处理改性木素的化学分析结果表明，改性木素的羧基含量明显增加，在氧碱处理的过程中，由于芳环的开裂，(来源：ABCe6论6d文网www.abclunwen.com)形成了己二烯二酸结构，因此改性木素具有较高的反应活性，易与Al~(3+)形成络合。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新