二维的

Based on the second- and fourth-order compact difference formulas for second-order derivatives and the idea of weighted average, two classes of the alternating direction implicit method are proposed for solving two-dimensional wave equation. The methods are of accuracy O (T^2+h^4) and O (T^4+h^4) respectively. Stability conditions are obtained by Fourier analysis method.

基于二阶微商的四阶紧致差商逼近公式及加权平均思想，提出了数值求解二维波动方程的2种精度分别为O(т^2+h^4)和O(т^4+h^4)的交替方向隐式格式，以及与其相匹配的第一个时间层的同阶离散格式，并且通过Foulier方法分析了格式的稳定性。

The count will also reveal whether a clerically backed, Shiite-led alliance won the plurality it expected in the 275-seat National Assembly; whether the secular coalition of Prime Minister Ayad Allawi will survive as a major political force; and whether representation of the Sunni community, the base of the continuing insurgency, will be anywhere near its population share of about 20 percent.

后续计票将回答以下问题：由什叶派穆斯林宗教领袖支持的同盟，是否如期取得临时国民大会二百七十五席的的多数；由现任总理阿拉维领导的无宗教背景政党联盟是否仍将作为一个主要政治力量存在；逊尼派的席位能否符合他们占人口百分之二十的状况，他们是抵抗力量的主要来源。

Main contents of the thesis include point and edge extraction based on least-squares template matching; space circle template matching and reconstruction; outlier detection and elimination with fundamental matrix and trifocal tensor; improvement of Homography-based calibration technique, 2D-DLT and bundle adjustment based non-metric camera calibration technique with planar-scenes, point-line hybrid photogrammetry and visual inspection.

本文的主要研究内容包括影像格网点与直线段的自动最小二乘模板匹配；基于物方直接解的空间圆匹配与重建；利用基本矩阵和三视张量进行观测值粗差的剔除；同形矩阵摄像机标定算法的改进；基于二维 DLT 和光束法平差的非量测数字摄像机标定；点、线混合摄影测量模型与视觉检测精度分析等。

Finally, in the third section, by constructing some functional which similar to the conservation law of evolution equation and the technical estimates, we prove that in the inviscid limit the solution of generalized derivative Ginzburg—Landau equation converges to the solution of derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation correspondently in one-dimension; The existence of global smooth solution for a class of generalized derivative Ginzburg—Landau equation are proved in two-dimension, in some special case, we prove that the solution of GGL equation converges to the weak solution of derivative nonlinear Schr〓dinger equation; In general case, by using some integral identities of solution for generalized Ginzburg—Landau equations with inhomogeneous boundary condition and the estimates for the L〓 norm on boundary of normal derivative and H〓 norm of solution, we prove the existence of global weak solution of the inhomogeneous boundary value problem for generalized Ginzburg—Landau equations.

第三部分：在一维情形，我们考虑了一类带导数项的Ginzburg—Landau方程，通过构造一些类似于发展方程守恒律的泛函及巧妙的积分估计，证明了当粘性系数趋于零时，Ginzburg—Landau方程的解逼近相应的带导数项的Schr〓dinger方程的解，并给出了最优收敛速度估计；在二维情形，我们证明了一类带导数项的广义Ginzburg—Landau方程整体光滑解的存在性，以及在某种特殊情形下，GL方程的解趋近于相应的带导数项的Schr〓dinger方程的弱解；在一般情形下，我们讨论了一类Ginzburg—Landau方程的非齐次边值问题，通过几个积分恒等式，同时估计解的H〓模及法向导数在边界上的模，证明了整体弱解的存在性。

We have done some exploratory work from several aspects to generalize the Brownian motor to the more real situation: The model which molecular motor has internal degree of freedom; The track on which the Brownian particle moves cannot be completely ordered and contain certain amount of disorder, the model is rocking ratchets with stochastic potentials; A two-dimensional ratchet model with a non-conservative force to realize the coupling between the mechanical and chemical processes.

目前大多数的研究工作是把分子马达抽象为一维的点粒子，我们在推广布朗马达到更真实的方向上开展了以下几个侧面的研究分子马达动力学行为的探索性工作：分子马达具有内部结构的电偶极子模型；考虑分子马达的轨道不规则、不光滑的摇摆棘轮模型；提出一个具有非保守脉冲力场的二维棘轮模型。

As one part of the project, the dissertation is developed with thelocalization problem in mobile robot navigation. Combined with "MobileRobot 1 of Central South university (MORCS-1)", a mobile robot designed byus that equipped with a 2D laser measurement system to sense the environmentand the proprioceptive sensors such as the odometry, gyroscope to calculate itsdead reckoning, the approach about the four kind uncertainty factors of mobilerobot localization is studied. These researches include that the error analysisand calibration of position sensors is implemented to reduce the measurementnoise, the 3D kinematic model of mobile robot is built to gain the accuratepose in complex terrain, some work on the automatic detection of static ordynamic obstacles based on laser scanner is investigated to eliminate thedynamic influence of the environment and to realize the reliably absoluteposition, and lastly a robust algorithm is presented to involve the incrementalenvironment mapping and self-localization of mobile robot with unknown dataassociation and to improve the self-localization performance of mobile robotunder unknown environment.

作为该项目研究的一部分，本论文以移动机器人导航中的定位问题为研究内容，利用自行研制的装配有二维激光雷达环境感知系统，并通过里程计、陀螺仪等内部传感器来实现航迹推测的移动机器人"中南移动1号MORCS-1"，重点围绕影响移动机器人系统定位的四类不确定性处理展开研究：通过移动机器人定位传感器的误差分析及校准，旨在消除传感器噪声所带来的测量误差；通过建立移动机器人的三维运动学模型进行航迹推测，以期实现复杂地形下精确的移动机器人本体姿态感受；通过基于激光雷达的动静态障碍的自主检测等相关研究，尽量消除环境的不确定因素影响进而实现可靠的移动机器人绝对定位；通过以上研究，针对未知数据关联下移动机器人增量式环境建图与自定位的研究提出一种鲁棒的滤波算法，改善未知环境中移动机器人自定位的性能。

The present study focuses on how the expertise affects 2D pattern recognition based on both behavioral experiments and fMRI. The possibility of configural process as a general rule in visual pattern recognition for perceptional experts was also discussed.

本文从行为和脑功能两方面考察了专家化训练对一种特殊的二维模式—字符识别的影响，探讨了以往研究中揭示的视知觉三维物体识别的专家技能作为视知觉中普遍适用的认知规律的可能性，这种专家技能指的是专家对专长领域内物体的视觉信息的组织倚重整体性结构编码。

In chapter 3,we dig out two families of invariant quartic curves of a quadratic system.

第五章讨论向量场具有对称中心的二次系统，利用系统的不变双曲线及不变四次曲线，我们确定了一个对应极限环（1.1）分布的二维参数区域，其边界的构成为如下几种常见的极限环分枝：霍夫分析，庞加莱分枝，同宿分枝和异宿分枝。

Based on Pseudo-linearization and least square methods, the bearings-only target motion problem was studied under the conditions that the target takes uniform rectilinear motion in 2-dimensional space, the single observer takes uniform rectilinear motion first, and then takes rectilinear motion with constant acceleration. The necessary and sufficient observable conditions, some unobservable conditions are gained.

基于拟线性处理和最小二乘方法，在目标作匀速直线运动，单观测站作匀速直线运动，进而作匀加速直线运动的机动情形下，研究了二维纯方位系统的可观测性，得到了系统可观测性的充要条件以及系统的某些不可观测的条件。

In this paper, a twodimensional and a quasi-three-dimensional procedure are developed and used to analyze the steam flow field and heat transfer behavior. The basic principles for the rational arrangement of tube bundle are drawn on the basis of a large amount of calculations and analysis. Some proposals for the modification of typical condensers are presented.

本文发展了汽相流动与传热特性的二维与准三维数值计算方法和程序，并用来分析凝汽器汽相流动与传热的基本特点和规律，在大量计算与分析的基础上，总结出管束合理布置的基本准则，并对典型的管束模块提出了改进建议。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新