二维的

Advances an efficient method of 2D FIR filtering based on impulse response rounding. Discusses the impulse response characteristics of 2D FIR filter. Then describes designing process of efficient 2D FIR filter based on impulse response rounding. Discusses application of efficient 2D filter with circular symmetric with eightfold symmetric frequency response. At last discusses the selection of rounding parameters.

提出了一种高效、实用的二维FIR滤波器的设计方法，在讨论了二维FIR滤波器的冲激响应特性的基础上，开发了一种基于冲激响应舍入法的高效二维FIR滤波器的设计方法，并以具有八重对称的圆对称滤波器为例讨论了高效滤波器的实现过程，最后对滤波器设计中的舍入参数的确定进行了讨论。

Main creative points of the thesis are as following:1. It is the first time to apply 2-D and 3-D turbulent model of the air-water two phases flow to the study on hydraulic properties of groyne. It makes description of the turbulent flow field to be possible precisely. This offers a more accurate method to determine the water surface in channel improvement.2. Based on the results of experiment and simulation for 3-D turbulent model of air-water two phases flow, a new formula to compute the height of damming is built.3. Based on the 2-D mode and the formula to compute the height of damming, the subdivision method of 2-D computation for water surface at upstream and downstream.

本文的创新工作主要是：首次将三维水气两相流紊流数学模型应用于丁坝水动力学特性研究，使丁坝附近流场和紊动场的精细描述成为可能，为航道整治中水面线确定提供了一个更为准确的方法；(2)基于水槽实验和三维水气两相流紊流数学模型数值模拟结果，建立了新的丁坝前奎水高度计算公式；(3)基于上述奎水高度计算公式和本文二维水面计算数学模型，首次提出了丁坝上下游二维水面分段计算方法。

Compared with the conventional 2-D coordinate measuring systems, the new system has great improvement at measuring speed, aiming accuracy, measuring function and degree of automation The new system consists of two parts image measuring system of displacement and image autofocusing and aiming system The displacement measuring system in which CCD camera is used for locating the optical scale not only processes the advantages of absolute code measuring system powerful noiseproof feature, good long-time stability, easily compensated ruling error of optical scale, but also has the advantages of morden numerical systems easy numeralization and intelligence The autofocusing and aiming system in which CCD camera is applied for gaining the defocusing information and edge location information of workpiece enjoys the advantages of fast autofocusing, accurate result, high accuracy of edge detection and wide range of measured parameters, etc The feasibility of the new 2-D measuring system is analyzed in this thesis and related parameters are calculated.

详细本文在分析了现有二维中小尺寸测量系统中，光学仪器的光学读数系统和调焦、瞄准系统的优缺点之后，结合现代数字化仪器的优缺点，提出研制一种新的二维图像测量机系统。与传统二维坐标测量系统相比，新型系统在测量速度、瞄准精度、测量功能及自动化程度等方面都有较大的提高。该系统由图像式位移测量系统和图像式自动调焦、瞄准系统组成。图像式位移测量系统采用CCD摄象机拾取光学线纹尺的位置信息，既具有传统光学式绝对码位移测量系统的优点—抗干扰能力强、长期稳定性好、光学标尺误差易于补偿等优点，又具有现代化数字仪器易于微机化、智能化的优点。

First, the paper proves the well-posedness of the encryption and decryption problems, which provides theoretical bases for experiments of encryption and decryption; Then presents a fast iterative algorithm, which is proposed based on the special sparse structure of the coefficient matrix of the two-dimensional C-N difference scheme, and successfully experiments on images encryption and decryption; At the end, the security of the methods of images encryption and decryption based on the two-dimensional Pseudo -parabolic Partial Differential Equation is experimented and discussed particularly.

首先证明了基于二维连续模型的加、解密问题是适定的，为加、解密实验提供了理论依据；然后根据模型的二维C-N格式系数矩阵的特殊稀疏结构，给出快速迭代求解算法，并成功地进行了图像加、解密的数值试验；最后对基于二维伪抛物型方程的图像加、解密方法的安全性进行了详细的试验讨论。

In complex 1,Cucan be described as a four-coordinated square planar geometry.Compound 8 is the sodium salt of plumbagin and exists as ionic compound.Compounds 9-16 are the rare earth complexes of plumbagin with La,Y,Dy,Sm,Gd,Nd,Erand Eu.Compound 17 is binuclear Y complex.18 is mononuclear Ycomplex with plumbagin and another ligand from Plumbago Zeylanica.Compounds 19-21 are the ternary complexes with plumbagin and 2,2\'-bpy and phen as assistant ligand.In 19, the geometry of Cucan be described as five-coordinated distorted square pyramid that exists in a dimer through the weak bonding,and 1-D chain structure is formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

化合物1的单晶结构分析表明1具有四配位平面四边形结构，化合物8是白花丹素的Na盐，以离子化合物形式存在；化合物9～16为白花丹素的La，Y，Dy，Sm，Gd，Nd，Er，Eu的稀土金属配合物；化合物17是白花丹素的双核钇结构；化合物18为白花丹素的单核钇结构，该配合物除了含白花丹素外，还有来自白花丹植物中的另一个单体化合物也参与配位；化合物19～21是以2，2\'-联吡啶和邻菲咯啉等含N配体为辅助配体，具有白花丹素—含N配体—金属离子的三元配合物，化合物19是白花丹素和2，2\'-联吡啶与Cu的配合物，具有五配位的四方锥构型，通过Cu…O弱的成键作用形成二聚体，再通过分子间的氢键作用进一步形成一维链状结构，化合物20和化合物21是白花丹素分别与2，2\'-联吡啶和邻菲咯啉的Zn配合物，都具有六配位八面体构型的双核锌配合物，呈一维链状结构，化合物20中链与链之间的大量氢键将一维链扩展成二维层，分子间的π-π堆积作用进一步形成三维结构。

The "spiculation"sign raised accurate rate of the diagnosis by 11.8%.Conclusion Real-time three-dimension ultrasound is a good supplement of two-dimension ultrasound.It can give more diagnosis information of the breast mass,especially to the small mass which can not be diagnosed definitely by two-dimension ultrasound.To analyse the characteristics of coronary section will improve the diagnosis accurate rate of the breast cancer.

三维超声是对二维超声检查的一个补充，它为诊断乳腺肿块的良恶性多提供了一些观察的指标，尤其对那些在二维图像上不能明确诊断的小肿块，加用三维扫查，注重分析冠状切面特点，有助于提高诊断的正确率。

The growth and nucleation rates of〓 cleavage face of YbYAB crystal are all very fast, because so many growth steps and growth centers were formed within only 2～3 second at the temperature near the saturate point. No spiral growth steps can be found, so growth mechanism is twodimensional nucleation. When the flux temperature increases for only 0.5℃ above the saturate point, the spiral melting holes are formed. The transformation from growth morphologies to melting morphologies is very sensitive to the temperature. When the temperature increases another 1℃, the spiral melting holes transform into two-dimensional nucleation melting holes.

YbYAB的〓解理面的生长及成核速度都非常快，在比饱和点低0.5～1℃的温度下，当生长2～3秒钟时，可以看到许多生长中心与生长台阶的形成，在较宽的台阶上还可以看到二维核的形成，没有看到螺旋中心，说明生长机理是二维成核生长；当温度比饱和点高0.5℃时，在〓解理面上形成螺旋状熔坑，这表明形貌由生长到熔化的转变与温度的关系是非常敏感的；当温度比饱和点高1.5℃时，螺旋状熔坑转变为二维成核状熔坑。

To a one-dimension case, the solution to the distribution of non-monotone function is given; to a two-dimension case, the transformation of random variable and the computation formula of its probability density are given when inverse transform has one value and multiple value, meanwhile, several deductive conclusions are obtained.

从一维与二维随机变量函数的分布的一般求法出发，对一维情形，给出了当随机变量函数非单调时其分布的求法；对二维情形，用随机变量变换的方法分别给出了当逆变换单值与多值时其分布密度的计算公式，并得到了若干推论。

Compared with 2D video,the depth information of scene has been added to 3D video,and the reality of visuality has also been enhanced,which can provide the feeling of immension in all domains.3D video technology can be widely used in digital television,mobile device systems,3D video-conferencing systems,virtual reality systems,and so on.

随着多媒体技术的不断发展，视频技术也需要从二维向三维转变，和普通的二维视频相比，三维视频增加了场景的深度信息，增强了视觉的现实感和逼真感，可以给用户提供全方位沉浸式的感受。

The results of numerical analysis show that the elastic modular and the poisson ratio have no effect on two-dimensional bearing capacity, but can affect the ultimate bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundations and control the convergence and precision of finite element calculation; the earth pressure coefficient controls the geostatic stress of foundation, sequentially affects the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations and the convergence of numerical calculation. When calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of undrained saturated foundation, the complete formulation exists shear locking, and reduce formulation exists hourglassing, so the hybrid formulation is suitable to imitate the geomaterial. When the soil obeys nonrelevent flow rule, the yielding function is different from potential function, and the elastic-plastic matrix of soil is asymmetric, so the unsymmetry numerical solver and appropriate finite element mesh is required.

研究结果表明，土体弹性模量和泊松比对二维基础极限承载力没有影响，但是影响着三维矩形基础的极限承载力，控制着ABAQUS数值算法的计算精度与收敛速度；地基土压力系数控制着地基土体中的地应力平衡，从而影响着二维条形基础和三维矩形基础的极限承载力和地基破坏包络面；对于不排水饱和软黏土地基，常规的完全积分单元会造成剪力自锁现象，而减缩积分单元则存在过于柔化的现象，故采用杂交单元来模拟较合适；当土体服从非关联流动法则时，屈服函数与塑性势函数之间存在差异，从而导致土体弹塑性矩阵呈现非对称性，在有限元计算中必须采用非对称数值解法，并且合理地划分单元才能对极限承载力进行准确求解。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。