二糖

Examples of humectants include lactic acid, urea (the urea found in creams is synthetically produced by combining one molecule of carbon dioxide with two molecules of ammonia and not obtained from urine), hyaluronic acid (able to retain 1000 times its weight of water), propylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, gelatin, lecithin, sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, and butylene glycol.

常见的湿润剂有乳酸，尿素（面霜里的尿素来自于二氧化碳和氨分子的合成而不是从尿中提取的），透明质酸（能保持自身成分1000倍的水分），丙二醇，丙三醇，山梨糖醇，明胶，卵磷脂，吡咯钠，羧基酸和丁二醇。

The main results are shown as follows:1.Screening freezing tolerant cultivars and lines of chrysanthemumTwenty seven lines of chrysanthemum grown outdoors were screened using \'injury rate\' and \'injury index\'.There were 7 cultivars and lines,which were relatively high tolerant to freezing treatment,i.e.,\'Jinbuhuan\',\'Xuetao\',\'Fuli\',\'Donglin 4\',\'Donglin 6\',\'Donglin 9\', and \'Donglin 13\'.There were 3 cultivars and lines,which were less tolerant,i.e.,\'Fenmeigui\', \'Donglin 1\',and \'Donglin 2\';The determination of electrolyte leakage,and contents of free proline,MDA,CAT,fructose,glucose and soluble sugars on 7 lines of chrysanthemums at different stages freezing showed that \'Xuetao\' and \'Donglin 4\' were more tolerant than others, and that especially \'Donglin 4\' was able to regulate its osmotic pathway to alleviate the \'injury degree\' caused by freezing conditions.2.Protein expression profile of chrysanthemum under low temperature stressTwo-dimensional liquid chromatography was applied to fractionate and analyze total protein taken from \'Donglin 4\' leaves grown at low temperature and at normal condition. Chromatography peaks of fraction were transformed to gel graph by ProteoVue software.

主要研究结果如下：1、露地菊抗冻品种和品系的筛选利用受伤率和伤害指数两项指标对27个露地菊品系进行耐低温筛选，筛选出'金不换\'、'雪涛\'、'富丽\'、'东林4号\'、'东林6号\'、'东林9号\'、'东林13号\'等7个耐低温品系，同时发现'粉玫瑰\'、'东林1号\'、'东林2号\'三个品系的耐低温能力最差；通过对不同自然低温处理时期，7个品系的电导率、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢酶、果糖、葡萄糖和可溶性糖等指标的测定发现，'雪涛\'和'东林4号\'的耐低温能力要强于其它品系，尤其是'东林4号\'对低温的调节能力较强，在低温胁迫下，能够调节渗透途径减轻低温的伤害。2、低温胁迫下，露地菊蛋白质表达谱分析利用二维液相色谱技术，分离了'东林4号\'露地菊品系的低温处理和对照样品的总蛋白，通过ProteoVue软件分析发现：处理样品与对照相比共有蛋白差异点36个，其中显著增强表达的蛋白差异点有26个。

The results indicated that Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase,succinate dehydrogenase ,and hexokinase were very sensitive to temperatures .Citrate-synthase was similar to that of mesophiles in temperature properties .

结果表明Y18细胞中1，6-二磷酸果糖醛缩酶，琥珀酸脱氢酶和己糖激酶对温度很敏感，柠檬酸合成酶的温度效应类似于中温酶，α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶和异柠檬酸脱氢酶存在不同温度特性的同功酶。

Metabolic pathway analysis for this strain showed that pentose and hexose could be transferred to succinic acid and other byproducts including acetic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid.

对菌株的代谢途径分析表明细胞具有五、六碳糖代谢酶系，以及在大量合成丁二酸的同时也产生少量乙酸、α-酮戊二酸等副产物。

Ethylene glycol glycosides,useful as humectant in cosmetics,were prepared by phosphoric acid-catalyzed acetalization of glucose with ethylene glycol.

在磷酸催化下，由葡萄糖和乙二醇经缩醛化反应制备了乙二醇葡糖苷，可用作化妆品保湿剂。

Product of glycolysis is two three-carbon sugars, called pyruvates, and some ATP, which supplies energy to the yeast and allows it tomultiply.

糖酵系发生的是二个3碳糖，称为丙酮酸盐，和一些腺三磷，这些货色给酵母供给能质争其滋生。

Sugar was once "king" in Hawaii, dominating lives on the islands from the mid-1800s until after World War II. By 1884, there were 96 sugar plantations there, but labor costs and changing world conditions killed the sugar-growing industry in Hawaii. Today only two working plantations remain.

糖曾经是夏威夷的&天王&，在19世纪80年代中期至二次世界大战结束的这段期间，一直主宰着岛上居民的生活。1884年时，那儿有96座甘蔗园，但劳工成本及不断变化的世界形式扼杀了夏威夷的制糖产业。

The strain L-3 that could produce raw starch-digesting glucoamylase were isolated from soil and mildewed rice. It was identified to be a Monascus Purpureus.

从土壤及霉变淀粉质材料等样品中分离获得到产糖化酶活性较高的菌株L-3，经鉴定为一种紫红曲霉；通过紫外线和硫酸二乙酯分别进行诱变，得到4株性能良好的糖化酶变异株，其中菌株7性能最好，命名为M.F7。

Second, the United States and Europe developed an independent personality development and production of cotton candy, hard candy.

二、为欧美发达国家独立开发生产个性棉花糖、硬糖。

PCI2 cells were treated under glucose deprivation as model group. Method Morphological and cytoflowmetric methods (the mitochondrial transmembrane potential; MEF method) were applied to evaluate the protective effect of SAB. The RNA levels of grp75 were measured by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed to investigate the expression level of PC12 cells under glucose deprivation and treated by SAB.

以PCl2细胞（大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞）的无糖培养建立细胞缺糖损伤模型，MTT法检测细胞的存活率；应用流式细胞仪检测亚二倍体细胞的比率及线粒体跨膜电位的改变；应用免疫细胞化学、RT-PCR法研究细胞内应激蛋白grp75的表达变化，激光共聚焦显微镜观察SAB作用下Ca(上标 2+)的变化。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。