二粒小麦

The earliest annuals to be domesticated, emmer wheat and wild barley, did have appealingly large seeds.

最早驯化的一年生植物是二粒小麦和野生大麦，它们确实有较吸引人的大粒种子。

Wild emmer is one of the important genetic resources for wheat disease resistance genes.

野生二粒小麦是小麦抗病育种的重要资源库之一。

The main results obtained were as follow:1 The DN A polymorphism of genome A and genome B between common wheat and wild emmer could be classified into two groups.

从而可以推测：野生二粒小麦与普通小麦的A、B染色体组在长期的进化过程中，形成了各自完整的、平衡的遗传体系。

To investigate homology of genome A and B between wild emmer and common wheat, an SSR analysis of the two species was conducted.

其主要研究结果如下： 1、野生二粒小麦与普通小麦的A、B染色体组存在较大的差异。

To evaluate the salt tolerance, the salt tolerance of 93 accessions of wild emmer from Israel was studied prilimarily with water culture method .

野生二粒小麦与普通小麦的A、B染色体组在聚类图中可以大致被分为两类，二者之间的遗传相似系数不高。

Sp. tritici of the F1 plants were tested at the seedling and adult stages. The results indicated that dominant and semi-dominant genes were responsible for powdery mildew resistance at the seedling stage, while dominant, semi-dominant and recessive genes were found controlling the powdery mildew resistance at the adult plants. After testing the Pm30 linked SSR marker Xgwml59 on the 40 F1 hybrids between wild emmer and common wheat, it was found that the Pm30 linked Xgwm159 loci could be detected at 8 F1 hybrids, indicating the 8 wild emmers might also carry the Pm30 gene.

对F_1植株的苗期和成株期抗性鉴定结果表明，在这些野生二粒小麦材料中，苗期抗性由显性和部分显性基因控制，而成株期抗性则由显性、部分显性和隐性基因控制。40份F_1代材料经Pm30基因连锁的SSR标记Xgwm159的测定，有8份材料可能含有Pm30基因。

There was big difference among the 22 different materials in the disease resistance. Translocation lines Pm97033 showed the highest resistance in reaction than others. The percentage of diseased root and severed level were 11.3% and 5.4%; substitution lines Wan7107 showed medium resistance to the fungus, the percentage of diseased root and severity level were 21.4% and 10.6%; F5 generation of common wheat with Till showed higher resistance to take-all fungus than the PS progenies of common wheat with Aegilops tauschii or the other common wheat varieties.

菌饼＋菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法，其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%，57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大，其中小麦－簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强，病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%；代换系Wan7107次之，病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%；硬粒小麦－簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。

Dicoccoides were tested for seedling powdery mildew resistance and crossed with common wheat susceptible line 87-1 to obtain F1 seeds. The reactions to Erysiphe. graminis f.

对40份野生二粒小麦材料进行了抗白粉病鉴定，并与感病普通小麦87-1进行杂交，获得了F_1种子。

However, the use of Aegliops tauschii in improvement of wheat yield trait has not been reported. In this study, T.durum-Ae.Squarrosa amphidiploids was crossed with common wheat PH85-16, then backcrossed with PH85-16. The variation characteristic of the main yield traits of BC1F1 and BC1F2 were analyzed. Then, QTLs affecting yield traits were detected by 130 SSR primer pairs of D genome in BC_1F_1 and BC_1F_2.The result showed chromosomes in D genome from Aegliops tauschii affected yield trait of wheat significantly.

本研究以二倍体小麦粗山羊草与四倍体硬粒小麦合成的双二倍体Am6为亲本，与普通小麦PH85-16 进行杂交，再用PH85-16 进行回交，对获得的回交后代进行了主要产量性状调查，利用位于小麦D 基组的SSR 分子标记进行了分子标记分析，对来自粗山羊草与产量性状相关的数量性状位点进行定位，探讨粗山羊草对小麦产量性状的影响。

In grain-filling stage, the qP values of evolutionary wheats decreased under water stress, while Shan253 and Changwu134 hadn't decreased, indicated that the effect of water stress on the re-oxidation in Q-A of modern wheat was slight, while before this stage, the electron transport from PSⅡto QA restrained by water stress was main factor of photosynthesis non-stomata limitation to modern wheat; The qNP values of hexaploid were higher than diploid and tetraploid wheat, indicated that the ability of using light energy

随小麦由二倍体向四倍体、六倍体及现代小麦进化，表观电子传递速率有增大趋势，其受水分胁迫影响的程度在花前期有加剧趋势，花前期栽培一粒、栽培二粒、普通小麦、陕253和长武134这五种小麦在水分胁迫下表观量子产额的降幅分别为5%、7.47%、14.29%、33.3%和53.49%，光饱和Pn的降幅分别为8.8%、26.14%、23.25%、44.22%和51.29%，光饱和点整体上也是下降的，且这三个指标的降幅随进化程度提高有增大趋势，表明小麦在进化过程中能量转换系统受水分胁迫影响的程度加剧；而在水分胁迫下，小麦的羧化效率和RuBP再生速率也均下降，下降的程

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失