二粒小麦

Tibetanum were more abundant, which can be used to broaden the genetic basis of common wheat. Cluster analysis exhibited that wild emmer had a closer consanguine relationship to hexaploid wheat, as compared to Aegilops tauschi. In addition, it was found that there was a closer genetic relationship in chloroplast genome of common wheat and T. petropavlavskyi, which indicated that T. petropavlavskyi probably derived from the backcross between common wheat and Polish wheat.

结果］与普通小麦相比，斯卑尔脱小麦和西藏半野生小麦等群体内的叶绿体遗传变异更丰富，可以作为普通小麦新的细胞质遗传变异来源；与粗山羊草相比，野生二粒小麦与六倍体小麦间存在更近的亲缘关系，这与前人关于二粒小麦是六倍体细胞质供体的研究结果相印证；研究还发现，新疆稻麦与普通小麦在叶绿体基因组上具有很近的亲缘关系，为新疆稻麦是由波兰小麦与普通小麦杂交再由普通小麦回交后产生的假说提供了分子水平上的证据。

Some of the well-known types are the durum, emmet , Polish, and poulard.

有些类型是大家都很熟悉的，比如硬粒小麦、二粒小麦、波兰小麦、圆锥小麦。

Tosearch for new powdery mildew resistance genes, eight einkorn accessions and two emmeraccessions were studied for the inheritance of their resistance to powdery mildew.

为了发现新的小麦抗白粉病基因，对抗白粉病的8份一粒小麦和2份二粒小麦种质进行了抗性遗传分析。

To contrast salt tolerance of 8 different native populations of emmer wheat from Israel, there was a drastical diversity.

野生二粒小麦耐盐鉴定的结果表明：供试野生二粒小麦的耐盐性总体上不如普通小麦。

It indicated that a considerable degree of genetic differertiation has taken place in the A and B genomes of two species during evolution from wild emmer to common wheat.2 The similarities co-efficiency of A genome of common wheat and wild emmer was slightly higher than that of B genome.

野生二粒小麦与普通小麦A染色体组的遗传相似性高于两物种B染色体组的遗传相似性，从而说明小麦的不同染色体组在进化过程中的遗传速率或者说进化中的稳定程度是不同的。

The result suggested that different genomes had different genetic speed or stability during evolution.3 The similarities co-efficiency between wild emmer and hexaploid synthetic was higher than that between wild emmer and common wheat. So that crossing among species is not a simple combination of genomes, but involve introgression of chromosomes, and the evolution made by this action was bigger than that made by environment.4 According to the results of salt tolerance identification, the salt tolerance of wild emmer is lower than that of common wheat in the whole.

野生二粒小麦与普通小麦之间的遗传相似系数稍高于野生二粒小麦与其与节节麦合成的双二倍体的遗传相似系数，说明物种之间的杂交并不仅仅是染色体组简单的合并，其中包括复杂的染色体组本身的一些特性以及染色体之间的互渗且这种作用远大于环境作用所引起的变化。

The genetic variation of chloroplast genome in spelt and T. tibetanum was more abundant than that in common wheat and there were closer genetic relationships between common wheat and T. petropavlavskyi and between hexaploid wheat and emmer.

结论］斯卑尔脱小麦和西藏半野生小麦等群体内的叶绿体遗传变异比普通小麦更丰富；野生二粒小麦与六倍体小麦以及新疆稻麦与普通小麦之间具有很近的亲缘关系，为不同小麦种的遗传差异提供依据。

To improve the yield and quality of wheat is an important project to breeder with genetic method. Wild emmer (Triticum. Dicoccoides Kom), as a close species to common wheat, has many good characteristics which can be used to improve common wheat (. T. aestivum L) and is precious material in wheat evalution.

野生二粒小麦(Triticum.dicoccoides Kom)作为与普通小麦(T.aestivum L)亲缘关系较近的一个种，具有许多优良的特性，在小麦的遗传改良中占据着重要的位置，同时，野生二粒小麦是也是研究普通小麦遗传进化的珍贵材料本研究运用SSR分子标记方法对野生二粒小麦与普通小麦的A、B染色体组的同源性进行研究；同时，为了探讨野生二粒小麦的耐盐性能否应用在普通小麦的遗传改良中，采用水培法对从以色列引进的93份野生二粒小麦的耐盐性进行了初步探讨，为普通小麦的遗传改良提供实验依据。

A set of spelt monosomic lines as female parent were respectively crossed with wheat new variety SM96 and new line SM20005 to determine the chromosomal location of the gene conferring resistance to powdery mildew in both. Seeding of parents, F〓 and F〓 from monosomic F〓 were inoculated with race no. 15 of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. Analysis of obtained data revealed that one major dominant resistant gene originating from wild Emmer in the variety SM96 and the line SM20005 was located on chromosome 4A.

为确定小麦新品种沈免96和新品系沈免20005含有的抗白粉病基因所在染色体，以一套斯卑尔脱单体系为母本分别与沈免96和沈免20005杂交，将亲本、F〓、单体F〓植株的F〓代群体在苗期用小麦白粉菌15号小种的单孢菌系接种鉴定，单体分析结果表明，沈免96及沈免20005所含源于野生二粒小麦的抗小麦白粉菌15号小种的1个显性主效基因位于4A染色体上。

The common wheat line 3D256, a derivative of wild emmer with pedigree Yanda1817/WE27//Nongda015/3/941, is highly resistant to prevailing local wheat powdery mildew isolate E09 in Beijing area.

本研究利用来自以色列的野生二粒小麦WE27与普通小麦杂交，再用普通小麦连续回交和自交，育成高抗白粉病小麦新品系3D256（其系谱为燕大1817/WE27//农大015/3/941，F6）。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失