二磷酸

Based on the bioisosterism of malonate group with phosphate group, a series of barbiturate compounds and pyrazolidine-3, 5-dione compounds were designed and synthesized.

基于丙二酸是磷酸的生物电子等排体，我们设计了丙二酸的闭环结构的巴比妥酸及3，5-吡唑烷二酮类化合物。

In the wet-process phosphoric acid production from the Hubei phosphate ore, one of the bothersome problems is that potassium fluosilicate and sodium fluosilicate scales are liable to form on the filtration system owing to its high potassium and sodium content, which greatly restrains the application of Hubei phosphate ore.

本文首先采用人工冷却系统模拟湿法磷酸生产的真空过滤系统冷却过程，研究垢物的析出规律，实验结果得知：垢物的主要成分为氟硅酸钠和氟硅酸钾，氟硅酸钠首先析出，结构致密，其次是氟硅酸钾，最后是二水硫酸钙，氟硅酸钠对氟硅酸钾有很强的结晶诱导作用；然后在三种生产中常用的不同的材质钼二钛、聚氯乙烯和聚四氟乙烯表面进行结垢试验，发现聚四氟乙烯表面最不易结垢，而在钼二钛表面最易结垢。

The synthesis path of 2-phosphono-butane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid is studied by using alkyl phosphate,butendioic acid dialklesters and methyl acrylate with the catalyst of sodium methylate.

论文摘要本文以亚磷酸二甲酯，顺丁烯二酸二甲酯，丙烯酸甲酯为原料，甲醇钠为催化剂，合成了 2-膦酸丁烷-1，2，4-三羧酸并对中间物及产物进行了 IR、13C，31P 核磁，MS 表征。

The conductivity and the molar conductivity of the ionic liquid in actone, water, DMF, acetic acid were investigated at different temperatures.

利用磷酸三丁酯与N-甲基咪唑在恒温150℃下一步合成了离子液体1-丁基－3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯，考察了其在丙酮，水，DMF，乙酸溶剂中的电导率及摩尔电导率。

At the endpoint, the thymus, spleen and uterus were weighed separately; the femoral dry weight, bone-calcium, phosphor, magnesium and hydroxyproline contents of femoral were measured; the histomorphological features of bone were observed and the biochemical indexes in serum (Ca, P, ALP, TRAP, E2, BGP) were determined after the mice were given SAR at the dose of 10, 30, 90 mgkg^(-1) respectively, and were compared with the model group, the normal control and the positive control. RESULTS: The osteoporosis of high turnover type was formed with feeding retinoic acid to experimental mice. Compared with the model group, the lessening of femoral dry weight, the short femoral transverse diameter, the decrease of bone mineral and bone-hydroxyproline of SAR groups were improved.

维A酸105mgkg^(-1致小鼠骨质疏松模型，SAR10、30、90mgkg^(-1灌胃给药，实验过程监测体重，2周后以比色法测定血清钙、磷含量和碱性磷酸酶、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶活性，竞争放射免疫法测定血清中骨钙素、雌二醇(s-E2)含量，处死动物后取脾、胸腺、子宫称重，取股骨进行骨组织形态学观察，测定并比较骨计量学和骨钙、骨磷、骨镁及骨弃脯氨酸含量。

He analysis of the category and function of TCB stress inducible proteins showed that different groups of proteins were induced by 5 mg L^(-1) TCB stress. They are detoxification enzymes (including esterase, aldo/keto reductases, and glutathione S-transferase), cell wall compound metabolism related enzymes (including UDP-glucose protein transglucosylase and GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase 1), phytohormone metabolism and regulation related enzymes or proteins (including aci-reductone dioxygenase 4, beta-glucosidase, two members of pathogenesis-related proteins from family 10), primary and secondary metabolism regulative enzymes (including translational elongation factor Tu, cytosolic orthophosphate dikinase, triosephosphate isomerases, alanine aminotransferase, and isoflavone reductase).

CB胁迫能诱导根系内不同类型蛋白质的表达，它们是：解毒酶（包括脂酶、醛／酮还原酶、谷胱甘肽－硫转移酶），细胞壁物质代谢相关酶（包括蛋白转葡萄糖基酶、GDP-甘露糖－3，5-异构酶1），激素代谢或调节相关酶（包括酸式－还原酮二加氧酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、病程相关蛋白家族10中的2个不同蛋白），原初或次生代谢相关酶（包括转录延长因子、细胞质磷酸丙酮酸双激酶、磷酸丙糖异构酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶和异黄酮还原酶）。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

Rice Flour, Vitamins and Minerals (Tri- and Dicalcium Phosphate, Electrolytic Iron, Zinc Sulfate, Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate , Niacinamide , Pyridoxine Hydrochloride [Vitamin B6], Riboflavin [Vitamin B2], Thiamin Mononitrate [Vitamin B1], Folic Acid , Vitamin B1), Soybean Oil, Soy Lecithin, Tuna Oil, Gelatin, Mixed Tocopherols.

米粉，维生素和矿物质（磷酸二钙和磷酸三钙，电解铁，硫酸锌，维生素E，维生素B3，维生素B6，维生素B2，维生素B1，叶酸，维生素B12，大豆油，大豆卵脂，金枪鱼油，明胶，混合维他命E

Oat Flour, Vitamins and Minerals (Tri- and Dicalcium Phosphate, Electrolytic Iron, Zinc Sulfate, Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate , Niacinamide , Pyridoxine Hydrochloride [Vitamin B6], Riboflavin [Vitamin B2], Thiamin Mononitrate [Vitamin B1], Folic Acid , Vitamin B1), Soybean Oil, Soy Lecithin, Tuna Oil, Gelatin, Mixed Tocopherols.

燕麦米粉，维生素和矿物质（磷酸二钙和磷酸三钙，电解铁，硫酸锌，维生素E，维生素B3，维生素B6，维生素B2，维生素B1，叶酸，维生素B12，大豆油，大豆卵脂，金枪鱼油，明胶，混合维他命E

After raw materials modified and prescription optimized,a kind of heatresistant toughened strain adhesives ZT1 which were mostly composed of phosphate inorganic adhesives were developed. Improving preparation technology of aluminum dihydro phosphate to increase polymerization degree and treatment technology of magnesia to increase surface activity,and adjusting with all compositions,the molecular bond nets of inorganic adhesives were renovated and perfected.

以耐温性优异的磷酸盐类无机粘合剂为主体材料，通过改进絮凝剂磷酸二氢铝的制备工艺提高其聚合程度，以及改善固化剂氧化镁的处理工艺提高其表面活性等手段，进行原材料改性，并结合配方优化，实现了无机粘合剂键合网络的修复和完善，研制出了耐高温韧性应变胶ZT1。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。