二磷酸

Why did the substitution of arsenate for phosphate prevent the accumulation of the bisphosphohexose yet allow fermentation to ethanol and CO2 to go to completion?

为什么砷酸取代磷酸阻止了二磷酸己糖的积累，但是产生乙醇和CO2的发酵反应仍然可以进行直至完成

In the leaves, the mesophyll cells surrounding the vascular bundles contain the carbon dioxide-fixing enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in their cytoplasm.

在叶片中，叶肉细胞包围着维管束，叶肉细胞细胞质中所包含的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶，具有比核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶更高的的与二氧化碳的亲和力。

Glycerate 3-phosphate is the first product of the dark reactions of PHOTOSYNTHESIS, formed by the carboxylation and cleavage of ribulose bisphosphate.

甘油3—磷酸是光合作用暗反应的一种产物，在二磷酸核酮糖的羧化分解后形成。

The results of the experiment show that menadiol sodium diphosphate has no mutation effects on the procaryotic cell in vitro.

结果 当甲萘氢醌二磷酸酯钠的浓度在0.5、5、50、500、5000μg/皿，无论加或不加S9混合物时其对4株沙门菌株的回复突变作用均为阴性。结论甲萘氢醌二磷酸酯钠在体外对原核细胞无诱变作用。

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proceeds with an unfavorable equilibrium constant, yet the flow through this point in the glycolytic pathway proceeds smoothly .

3-磷酸甘油醛氧化成1，3-二磷酸甘油酸，被3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶所催化，按照一个热力学不利的平衡常数进行，但是糖酵解途径中反应可以平稳地通过这一点。

Two gene fragments of DEN-1(GenBank accession number DQ886390)and DEN-2(GenBank accession number DQ886391),differentially expressed between the ocular skin tissues of normal and albino turbot,were isolated by mRNA differential display and sequenced.It was confirmed by RT-PCR method that the expression levels of both DEN-1 and DEN-2 were down-regulated in the ocular skin tissue of albino turbot.The sequence homology search of DEN-1 revealed high sequence homologies with the UGGT genes of zebrafish and cattle,and the Ugcgl1 gene of Norway rat.High sequence homologies of DEN-2 were observed with the eya4 gene(the eye absent homolog 4)from red jungle fowl,zebrafish,human,Norway rat,mouse and dog.

应用mRNA差异显示技术，对比研究正常与白化大菱鲆有眼侧皮肤组织，克隆差异表达基因，经测序，RT-PCR 验证，差异表达基因片段DEN-1(GenBank登录号：DQ886390)与DEN-2(GenBank登录号：DQ886391)均在白化大菱鲆有眼侧皮肤组织中下调表达；通过BLAST检索发现，DEN-1与GenBank中的斑马鱼和牛的类似尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖：糖蛋白葡糖基转移酶基因、与挪威鼠类似尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖：神经酰氨葡糖基转移酶1(Ugcgl1)基因有较高同源性；DEN-2 与原鸡、斑马鱼、人、挪威鼠、家鼠和狗的眼缺乏同源框4(eya4)基因的同源性均较高。

The results show that lipid in megagametophyte is preferentially used during germination than lipid from embryo or seedlings and starch accumulation in cotyledon and hypocotyl functioned as temperate storage material.

在子叶中细胞质和质体果糖1，6二磷酸酶的活性都明显高于下胚轴，根和未萌发胚中细胞质和质体果糖1，6二磷酸酶的活性极低，表明子叶和下胚轴进行活跃的蔗糖和淀粉合成活动。

Methods Using HIRI model in tabbits,animals were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 in each),HIR group,HIR+ LGT group,HIR+ Pro group and HIR+ LGT+ Pro group,the contents of adenosine triphosphate,adenosine diphosphate,adenosine monophosphate,total adenylic acid numberand energy charge in the liver tissue were measured at 45 minutes after reperfusion, respectively.

复制肝缺血-再灌注损伤模型，随机将40只实验兔分为肝缺血-再灌注组、肝缺血-再灌注＋LGT治疗组、肝缺血-再灌注＋PRO治疗组和肝缺血-再灌注＋LGT＋PRO治疗组。在再灌注45 min时，分别观察肝组织内三磷酸腺苷、二磷酸腺苷、一磷酸腺苷含量、总腺苷酸量、能荷及肝细胞形态学的变化。

In these chloroplasts carbon dioxide combines with phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetic acid, which is transported to the bundle sheath cells, where the carbon dioxide is released, then fixed by the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase to form glycerate 3-phosphate, the first step in the Calvin cycle.

在叶肉细胞的叶绿体中二氧化碳与磷酸烯醇丙酮酸结合形成草酰乙酸，后被运到邻近的维管束鞘细胞，在那里二氧化碳被释放，后被核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶固定形成3－磷酸甘油酸，这是卡尔文的循环第一步。

Rubisco can also act as an oxygenase breaking down ribulose bisphosphate in the presence of oxygen to glycerate 3-phosphate and phosphoglycolic aid. This reaction forms the basis of PHOTOREESPIRATION.

此酶在有氧的情况下可为氧化酶，分解核酮糖－1，5－二磷酸生产3－磷酸甘油和磷酸乙醇酸，这一反应是光呼吸的基础。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。