二碘化物

The reaction of polyfluoroalkyl iodides with 4-pentenoic acids in the presence of sodium dithionite at room temperature in aqueous acetonitrile solution [CH〓CN: H〓O=3: 1 ] to gave the corresponding adducts, the latter could form γ-lactones 31～51 in the same medium in 62～92％ yield.

室温下，在乙腈/水[3：1]的介质中，多氟烷基碘化物在连二亚硫酸钠的存在下与4-戊烯酸及其在2或3位上具有取代基团的衍生物进行反应，反应2～5h，起先生成两者的加成物，该加成物无需分离，在同一介质中，可进一步反应得到相应的多氟烷基取代的γ-丁内酯31～51，产率62％～92％。

The mechanism was supposed as follows: polyfluoroalkyl iodides were initiated by sodium dithionite to give R〓 which was added to one double bond of diallylacetic acid, after the sequential radical cyclization and nucleophilic substitution to form bicyclo-lactones.

这是因为：多氟烷基碘化物在连二亚硫酸钠的引发下，得到自由基R〓，后者加成到二烯丙基乙酸中的一个—C=C—双键上，然后在碱性介质中进行分子内亲核反应得到双环内酯类产物。

Polyfluoroalkyl iodides could react with unsaturated olefin acids in the presence of sodium dithionite by radical addition to give adducts. It was found that these adducts could form polyfluoroalkyl substituted γ or δ-lactones due to intramolecular nucleophilic substitution in the alkali solution.

研究发现：多氟烷基碘化物在连二亚硫酸钠存在下与不饱和烯酸经自由基加成得到的产物，能在碱性条件下进行分子内亲核取代反应形成五元或六元环的含氟内酯类化合物。

Experimental process: jing and 3- methyl -2- methyl ethyl ketonesynthesizes by the benzene zong; Again the glacial acetic acidcatalysis produces 2, 3, 3 - trimethyl - 3H - yinduo; Again has thealkylate response production yinduo iodide after the methyl iodide;The iodide takes off molecular HI under NaOH to become freejier thealkali; Adds 5 - nitryls salicylic aldehydes in the ethyl alcohol forthe solvent under if to respond finally produces 6 '- the nitryl yinduolin spiral benzene and pinan; Through the infrared spectrum andthe ultimate analysis irrevocably proved its structure, and studiedthe annulus with to open the annulus the light to send changes colorthe performance, explained in different solvent medium ultravioletabsorption spectrometry solvent effect, and the comparisondiscoloration the response speed number difference, finally mixed itadds to the methyl methacrylate, the peroxidation benzoin formyl in the plexiglass, tested 6 '- the nitryl yinduolin spiralbenzene and pinan in the glass fatigue resistance, thethermostability.

实验过程：由苯肼和3-甲基-2-丁酮合成腙；再冰醋酸催化生成2 ，3 ，3—三甲基—3H—吲哚；再经过碘甲烷发生烷基化反应生成吲哚碘化物；碘化物在NaOH下脱去一分子HI成为费歇尔碱；在乙醇为溶剂下加5－硝基水杨醛与其反应最后生成6'—硝基吲哚啉螺苯并吡喃；通过红外光谱和元素分析确证其结构，并研究了环体与开环体的光致变色性能，解释了在不同溶剂介质中紫外吸收光谱的溶剂效应，并比较褪色反应速率数的差异，最后将其掺加到甲基丙烯酸甲酯，过氧化二苯甲酰有机玻璃中，测试6'—硝基吲哚啉螺苯并吡喃在玻璃中的抗疲劳性、热稳定性。

Technical characteristics and existing problems of cyanide-free silver plating technology were summarized through the analysis of cyanide-free silver plating systems of thiosulfate,succinimide,iodide,hydantoin,sulfite and others.

通过对硫代硫酸盐、丁二酰亚胺、碘化物、乙内酰脲、亚硫酸盐以及其它无氰镀银体系的分析，总结了当前无氰镀银工艺的技术特点及存在的问题，并阐述了无氰镀银技术的发展历程和研究现状。

And Smakula was also involved in the development of crystals grown from solutions in a laboratory environment. By the end of the 1930's he had developed the first KRS five mixed crystal (thallium iodide-thallium bromide) which remains in use in infrared technology applications.

斯马库拉也参与了实验室环境下的人工水晶合成的技术研发，到二十世纪三十年代末，他就研发了第一种五种混合物的KRS混合水晶（含铊、碘化铊、嗅化物等），此种水晶现在还在红外技术中应用。

Started from D-tyrosine, we obtained the tetramic acid 96 using Jouin reaction. The assembly of the second fragment 109 was stared from 1,4-butandiol,using asymmetric alkylation reaction developed by Oppolzer as a key step. Coupling of the tetramic acid 96 with 109 provided the key intermediate 110 according to Yoshii\'s procedure. After remove protective group and Sharpless epoxidation, we obtained the key intermediate 113. Its macrocyclization to form the final product is in progress.

本论文的第二章主要对Macrocidin A开展了合成工作，我们从D构型的酪氨酸出发，经过官能团转换；利用Jouin反应生成Tetramic acid 96，另外一个片断从1，4-丁二醇开始经过多步反应生成碘化物104，利用Oppolzer发展的手性樟脑磺酰胺为辅基参与的不对称烷基化反应，引入手性甲基，生成关键中间体109，接着通过Yoshii发展的方法连接96和109生成110，经过Sharpless不对称环氧化反应建立环氧化合物，然后脱去保护基得到关环前体113，分子内的Mitsunobu反应进行关大环反应正在进行之中。

A process for the carbonylation of allylic butenyl ether (for example, methyl crotyl ether, 3-methoxybutene-1 and mixtures thereof) or mixture of butadiene and alcohol and production of beta-gamma unsaturated carboxylic acid esters (for example, methyl-3-pentenoate) utilizing a rhodium-containing catalyst for example, dicarbonylacetylacetonate rhodium(I or the like promoted with an iodide-containing compound (for example, HI, AlI3, SnI4, TiI4, CrI3, and CoI2 or the like).

一种将烯丙型丁烯基醚(如甲基巴豆基醚、3－甲氧基丁烯－1及其混合物)或者丁二烯与醇的混合物羰基化的方法，以及由含碘化物化合物(如HI、AlI3、SnI4、TiI4、CrI3和CoI2或等效物)促进，用含铑催化剂如二羰基乙酰丙酮酸铑(I或其等效物制备β－γ不饱和羧酸酯(如甲基－3－戊烯酸酯)的方法。

And to make the product be easy of purification, the excess of amine was reduced to 50% from 150%. Then the diiodoalkane reacted with dialkylmethylamine into diquaternary ammonium iodide, and obtained three diquaternary compounds whose spacer groups were -(CH2)6-, N,N"-dimethyl- N,N,N",N"-tetraoctyl-1,6-hexane diammonium diiodide, N,N"-dimethyl-N,N,N",N"-tetradecyl-1,6-hexane diammonium diiodide, N,N"-dimethyl-N,N,N",N-tetradodecyl -1,6-hexane diammonium diiodide.

对于更长间隔链的双子型季铵盐，一方面为了加快亲核取代反应速率，先将1，6-二氯己烷、3-氧杂-1，5-二氯戊烷转化成1，6-二碘己烷、3-氧杂-1，5-二碘戊烷，另一方面为了降低产物提纯的难度，将叔胺的过量由150%降到50%，使二碘代烷与双长烷基甲基叔胺在相同的温度下、反应相同的时间，经过相同的后处理，得到3个间隔链为-(CH2)6-的双子型季铵碘化物，(C8H17)2N+(CH3)(CH2)6 (CH3)N+(C8H17)2·2I-、(C10H21)2N+(CH3)(CH2)6(CH3)N+(C10H21)2·2I-和(C12H25)2N+(CH3)(CH2)6(CH3)N+(C12H25)2·2I-。

Monophenyltin trichloride reacts withdicarbonyl dicyclopentadienyl titanium immediately at room temperature, but no ti-tanium-tin complex produced, and the products were diphenyltin dichloride〓 and tin or stannous Chloride. When diaryltin dihalides were used, only the chlorides and bromides reacted with 〓form the complexes containing titaninm-tin bond,〓. but the corresponding iodide complex was not found. This reaction is Sensitive totemperature,when the temperature is belw 10℃,the reaction hardly takes place,but as the temperature is above 25℃,more 〓 will be found and the reactionbecome more complex.

Ph-SnC〓室温下即可与Cp〓迅速反应，但不生成含钛一锡链的化合物，而是生成Ph〓和Sn或Sn〓二芳基二卤化锡化物中，只有氯化物和溴化物才能和〓反应生成含钛〓锡键的化合物〓相应的碘化物则不行，而且反应对温度比较敏感，低于10℃，反应几乎不能进行，而高于25〓，则会生成更多的〓，在回流条件下得不到含钛〓锡键的化合物，只能得到分解产物，〓和Sn或〓。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。