二甲双胍

Dr Gregg Fonarow, Eliot Corday Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine at UCLA and coauthor of this study, noted, Experimental studies suggest that metformin improves myocardial function via activation of a signaling mechanism (AMP-activated protein kinase) independent of antihyperglycemic effects.

另两位合作研究者，加州大学洛杉矶分校心血管内科教授Gregg Fonarow博士和Eliot Corday博士还提到："实验室研究提示，二甲双胍改善心肌功能是通过激活了一种不同于降糖作用的信号机制（AMP-活化的蛋白激酶）"这些研究结果共同提示，二甲双胍可能具有心脏保护作用，这一作用是通过在分子水平增强心脏功能来实现的。

FPG,FINS,TG,TC,LDL-C of Model group were increased,ISI were decreased . The expression of PAI-1mRNA of adipose tissues was increased significantly (.2)Compairing with model group,the berberine and taurine group and combine group could significantly increase insulin sensitivity, decrease the expression of PAI-1mRNA in epiploon adipose tissue. The parameters mentioned above in combine group was better than other groups.

与正常组比较，模型组体重增加，血清 FPG、FINS、TG、TC 、LDL-C 升高，ISI 降低，血清中 FFA 浓度增加，内脏脂肪细胞肥大，脂肪组织中 PAI-1 mRNA 表达显著增加；(2)与模型组比，联合组、黄连素组、牛磺酸组、二甲双胍组均出现 ISI 升高和 PAI-1mRNA 表达减少，二者的协同作用优于单独作用，并优于二甲双胍组。

Design, Setting, and Participants Case-control study of 21 patients with type 2 diabetes (studied 2003-2005) compared with 21 age- and sex-matched controls (studied in 2001) in Montpellier, France.

研究设计及方法：将新近诊断的，或曾经使用过口服降糖药，现仅有饮食及锻炼治疗的2型糖尿病成年病人随机分组，并接受二甲双胍缓释片或速效二甲双胍双盲治疗24周。

Postprandial contribution to glycemic instability was assessed by determining the postprandial increment of glucose leel aboe preprandial alues (mean postprandial incremental area under the cure ).

相反，使用2，000-mg二甲双胍缓释片的治疗组糖化血红蛋白水平有显著下降(–1.06%)， 2，000mg二甲双胍缓释片治疗组与速效二甲双胍片治疗组比，糖化血红蛋白水平平均值相差–0.36% [98.4% CI –0.65 to –0.06]。

(1)This three schemes mentioned above are effective for weight reduction, among them, the effect is best by using sibutramine and metformin together, which is second-best by using sibutramine simply and tertius by metformin.

①三种治疗方案对减肥均有疗效，其中西布曲明和二甲双胍联合治疗疗效最佳，单用西布曲明疗效次之，而单用二甲双胍疗效最差。

Box warning has been removed there is still some caution with heart failure but in reality all of the contraindications are based on a theoretical lactic acidemia which we have not really proven exists with metformin and so metformin remains the first line.

而实际上这些禁忌症都是基于理论上的乳酸性酸血症，而后者还没被证实确实是二甲双胍的不良反应。因此二甲双胍仍然是糖尿病治疗的一线药物。

As soon as this research indicates metabolism syndrome patient to pass through the diagnosis namely to carry on pharmacological treatments and so on life style intervention and two armor biguanide, the life style intervention and adds the clothing two armor biguanides to have more explicit intervention effect.

研究表明代谢综合征病人应该一经诊断即进行生活方式干预和二甲双胍等药物治疗，生活方式干预并加服二甲双胍有更明确的干预效果。

Examples PCOS patient applies two armor biguanide 500mg/time, 3/days, continual 4 months, compared with treatment around body weight index, menstrual cycle, reproduction hormone level, ovulation rate, rate of pregnancy, blood sugar and insulin level change.

二甲双胍治疗PCOS患者80例，80例PCOS患者应用二甲双胍500mg/次，3次/天，连续4个月，比较治疗前后体重指数、月经周期、生殖激素水平、排卵率、妊娠率、血糖和胰岛素水平的变化。

Examples pcos patient applies two armor biguanide 500mg/time, 3/days, continual 4 months, compared with treatment around body weight index, menstrual cycle, reproduction hormone level, ovulation rate, rate of pregnancy, blood sugar and insulin level change.result: two armor biguanides may reduce the blood lh/fsh ratio and the androgen level p

结果：二甲双胍可降低血lh/fsh比值和雄激素水平（p＜0.05），恢复卵巢排卵功能，提高妊娠率，并可降低bmi评分（p＜0.05），提高胰岛素的敏感性。结论：二甲双胍单独应用可以改善卵巢的排卵功能，使患者恢复规则的月经周期，降低胰岛素抵抗。

Results:Osteoblasts has the ability of transmembrane transport of metformin. The transport of metformin could be saturable with time and drug concentration adding;a certain range of temperature and pH can promote the transport of metformin;The transport of metformin was inhibited by cimetidine and phenformin,but promoted by verapamil;Oct1 but no Oct2 was expressed extensively in cell membrane and cytoplasm of osteoblasts;The protein level of Oct1 can be up-regulated by metformin with different drug concentrations and times,but no obvious differentces from each group.

结果：二甲双胍能够在成骨细胞上进行跨膜转运，且随着转运时间和药物浓度的增加而增加，并可达到饱和；一定范围内提高温度和pH值可以促进二甲双胍的转运；西米替丁和苯乙双胍对二甲双胍转运有明显抑制作用，而维拉帕米则对转运有明显的促进作用；Oct1广泛表达在成骨细胞的胞膜及胞浆中，而Oct2无表达；二甲双胍在不同浓度及不同给药时间均能够上调Oct1的表达，但各组间无明显差别。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。