二次利用

Degree B-Spline curve is chosen to fit the longitudinal settlement curves, which solves the problem of curvature continuum for joint notes due to its continuous second derivative vector and overcomes the efficiency and accuracy of computing curvature with 3 points by hand.

选取三次B样条方法对隧道纵向累计沉降曲线进行拟合，利用三次B样条曲线二阶导矢连续的特性，解决了拟合曲线在曲线连接点处曲率的连续性问题，克服了以往人工计算隧道曲率半径在效率和准确性方面的缺陷；并在此基础上，推导了隧道纵向变形曲率与纵向螺栓拉应力、相对弯曲与纵向螺栓剪应力之间的关系； 3。

In this paper, a scale space clustering algorithm based on mathematical morphology operators is proposed. The data are firstly converted into a binary image, the noises are then deleted with close open operators. A scale space is constructed with the close operator and structure elements as well as increased size. The connected cells merge with each other with the increasing scale until all of them combine into one.

中文摘要：提出了一种基于数学形态学算子的多尺度聚类方法：首先将数据进行二值图像化处理，利用一次闭开运算去除噪声干扰后再利用逐步增大结构元素的闭运算构建尺度空间，图像内的连通单元集随着尺度上升不断融合，最终全部归并。

LTD. Analysis of invalidation of the two MOOG valves was carried out with the help of advanced apparatus and profound expertise in this area at Fudan University. Our research reveals that poor quality of the valve surface is the root cause for invalidation. A detailed description of the method used in analyzing the invalidation of electro hydraulic servo valve is presented in this article. This research demonstrates that academic institutes can play a significant role to solve engineering problems by leveraging their existing resources.

我们利用复旦大学先进的表征仪器和工具以及积累的大量失效分析案例的丰富经验，对二个失效的MOOG阀的阀体进行解剖分析，判明了失效的真正起因不是液压油质量问题，而是阀滑表面质量存在问题，论文详细论述了我们采用的表征分析方法从宏观上、微观上对电液伺服阀阀的失效行为进行了全面分析的过程，是科研教学机构利用自身资源解决实际问题的一次有效的实践，具有较强的科学意义。

Firstly, the eigenvalue problem of a class of second order elliptic equation with critical potential and indefinite weights is considered. Then, using critical point theory, Trudinger-Moser inequality and the properties of the first eigenvalue, we prove the existence of a nontrivial solution for a class of nonlinear elliptic with critical potentialand indefinite weights in R~2. Secondly, we prove the existence of nontrivial solutions for a class of subcritical and critical elliptic systems with indefinite part in R~2 byusing a generalized linking theorem, Trudinger-Moser inequality and concentration-compactness principle.5. The existence of at least three weak solutions for discrete boundary value problem is established by using a three critical point theorem introduced by Ricceri.

首先，讨论了R~2中一类带不定权且含临界位势的二阶椭圆型方程的特征值问题，并借此特征值问题的第一特征值性质，利用山路引理及Trudinger-Moser不等式，证明了R~2中一类带不定权且含临界位势的非线性椭圆型方程非平凡解的存在性；其次，利用广义环绕定理，Trudinger-Moser不等式及集中列紧原理，得到了R~2上一类具有强不定部分的半线性椭圆型方程组在非线性项分别为次临界增长和临界增长情形下非平凡解的存在性。

Based on the analysis and summary of basic ideas and methods,this thesis proposes two new estimation of error of higher order approximation.

方法二是在等距分布的条件下，基于三次样条插值函数的三弯距算法，通过利用节点处弯距的加权和近似计算区间中点处的二阶导数。

Based on predecessor\'s research results, formation condition of oil-gas reservoirs of S_(2+3) oil layer in westslope region was comprehensively and systematicaly studied, through using comprehensively seismics,logging, well logging, core, analysis assay data and paleontology data and adopting the latest theories andtechniques and methods of structural geology, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentography, petroleum geology,and oil-gas accumulation dynamics, etc. Main controlled factors, periods and models of oil-gasaccumulation and distribution were identified, favorable exploration areas were forecasted, throughdissecting typical oil-gas reservoirs and analyzing oil-gas accumulation mechanism and process.

本文在充分借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，综合利用地震、测井、录井、岩心及分析化验和测试资料，采用构造地质学、层序地层学、沉积学、石油地质学、成藏动力学等多学科的最新理论和方法，对西斜坡区萨二、三油层油气成藏条件进行了全面系统的研究，通过西斜坡区萨二、三油层典型油气藏解剖和油气运聚机理及过程分析，搞清了其油气成藏与分布的主控因素、期次和模式，进而预测有利勘探区带。

Seeded amplification of colored conical emission and two-dimensional multicolored transverse arrays as well as simultaneously up-converted parametric amplification have been demonstrated using spectral synthesis to obtain sub-fs pulses.

基于分子调制过程，文章作者提出并发展了一系列亚飞秒脉冲产生和操控的技术；围绕频谱合成方案，利用级联二阶非线性效应，实现了多色圆锥辐射注入放大和二维多色阵列及其参量上转换放大；同时，还开展了基于飞秒振荡器及外腔增强技术的高重复频率高次谐波产生与输出耦合的相关研究。

The biomarkers such as the n-Alkanes, the isoprenoids, the terpane, and cholestane were detected through GC-MS analysis. Based on the study of the biomarkers, the biological evolution during Permian and Triassic can be divided as three stages, namely, the mixing source stage of low biota such as thallose and advanced plant in late Permian (below bed 63), the stage of low biota such as thallose in the boundary transitional layer (bed 63-69) and the mixing source stage of advanced plant and low biota such as thallose in early Triassic (above bed 69). What's more, the second stage near the boundary transitional layer can be subdivided into 4 stages. The stages of biota evolution is close related with sedimentary environment changing and the boundary transitional layer.

利用GC—MS分析技术，在陆相地层中检测出正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜烷和甾烷类生物标志化合物并根据生物标志化合物和特征值研究，将二叠系—三叠系生物演化划分为三个大的阶段，即晚二叠世的菌藻类低等生物与高等植物混源阶段（63层以下），界线异常层的菌藻类低等生物阶段（63-69层）和早三叠世高等植物与菌藻类低等生物混源阶段（69层以上），界线附近异常层的第二阶段又进一步细分为4个次一级阶段，生物演化阶段与沉积环境变化及界线异常层具有非常密切关系。

In general, the main contents and achievements of this paper consist of the following aspects:(1) Based on the characteristics of the transportation and the classic flow-occupancy inverse "V" model, implement polynomial fitting using least-squares algorithm and statistics method on flow curves to detect outliers which are proved to be not accord with practice through the actual implement, then use the moving average model to recorrect the outliers and absent.

本文根据交通领域的流量—时间占有率的倒&V&字型曲线模型，提出了一种基于曲线拟合的交通流异常检测方法，利用三次多项式的最小二乘法拟合流量/时间占有率曲线，并且利用分箱的思想对拟合好曲线上下部分分别采用基于统计的方法划分上下界，有效的识别异常交通流数据。

In chapter 5, we present the third-order finite volume method for the Shallow Water Equations on unstructured meshes.

第五章利用最小二乘思想，通过一次扩张模板来提高数值方法的精度，发展了在非结构网格上解二维浅水波方程的高精度有限体积法。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。