二次函数

The boundary contour formulations of evaluatingstresses from the Somigliana stress identity are derived for 2-D problemswith quadratic boundary elements.The boundary contour method basedon the traction boundary integral equation is further discussed.Elasticproblems are first solved using the traction boundary contour method.Amixed collocation of the displacement boundary contour formulation andtraction boundary contour formulation is given.(4)The dual boundarycontour method is developed for the analysis of crack problems.

3建出了Somigliana应力积分式的二维和三维问题的边界轮廓法理论；给立了二维问题由Somigliana应力积分式计算应力的二次形函数的边界轮廓法方程，进而给出了基于面力边界积分方程的边界轮廓法；提出了一种以位移边界轮廓法方程与面力边界轮廓法方程混合配置的方案，首次实现了用两种积分方程相结合来求解弹性力学问题。

The paper establishes the standard fuzzy systems with partition of normal quadratic polynomial membership functions and normal trigonometric membership functions. The comparison problems of fuzzy system with normal triangle membership functions and the two fuzzy systems are put forward.

摘要在标准模糊系统的基础上建立了正规二次多项式和正规三角函数为基函数的两类新模糊系统，进而提出了以正规三角形函数为基函数的标准模糊系统与所提出模糊系统的比较问题。

We note that the known APN polynomial functions are allquadratic except the APN functions recently found by Edel and Pott. In F22n, theAPN permutation has not yet been found. We construct low di?

我们注意到除了Edel和Pott最近发现的APN函数外，其它已知的APN多项式函数都是二次的，而且在F22n中还没有发现APN置换函数。

Then the joint moment generating functions of a linear compound and a quadratic form, and two quadratic forms, and conditions for their independence are given.

其次我们推导出一个线性组合与一个二次形式，及两个二次形式的联合动差母函数，并且给出一些它们相互独立的条件。

Questions in this content area are based on an understanding of the quadratic formula, rational and radical expressions, absolute value equations and inequalities, sequences and patterns, systems of equations, quadratic inequalities, functions, modeling, matrices, roots of polynomials, and complex numbers.

中等代数（ 15 ％）。这方面的考试内容包括理解二次公式，有理式及根式，绝对值方程和不等式，序列，方程组，二次不等式，函数，建模，矩阵，多项式的根以及复数。

Three formulations, which are two-, four-, six-order of accuracy, are obtained by using linear, quadratic and cubic Lagrangian interpolation functions.

给出了使用线性、二次和三次插值函数构造的积分格式，它们的精度依次为二阶、四阶和六阶。

The advantages and limitations of every kind of methods for calculating the failure probability is reviewed. The frist order reliability method, the second order reliability method and many kinds of boundary method have achieved remarkable success and formed nature fields of reliability. However, the precision of these methods decrease as the increase of complexity of problem. The numrical methods are versatile, except numerical intergration is only adaptable to special problems which have small number variables and regular intergral domain. Particularly, the advanced variance reduction techniques own the following character: high precision and a small amount computation. But some questions remain to study in the future because only an initial work about these techniqes is developed.

全面评述了计算失效概率各种方法的优点和局限性，其中经典的解析法包括一次可靠性方法、二次可靠性方法、一阶边界法、Vanmarcke上边界、PENT上边界和Ditlevsen二阶窄边界法，这些方法对于多设计点、变量较多且相关、密度函数不是正态以及极限状态方程较复杂的情况，其计算精度较差；而已有的数值方法却是具有较好的通用性，其中除数值积分法只对变量较少、积分域较规则的特殊问题适用外，各种数值模拟方法均具有较广的适应性，特别是各种改进的方差减小技术，精度高、计算量小，但由于其处在研究的初级阶段，还有许多问题有待于解决。

Optimization; parametric quadratic convex programming; set-valued map; directional derivative; linear stability; solution-set map; parametric linear programming; error bound; subdifferential map; lower locally directionally Lipschitzian; upper locally di-rectionally Lipschitzian; locally directionally Lipschitzian; convex function; quasidiferential; kernelled quasidiferential; quasi-kernel; star-kernel; star-diferential; Penot diferential; subderivative; superderivative; epiderivative; set-valued optimization; set-valued analysis; subdifferential; optimization condition;ε-dual; scalization; generalized subconvexlike-cone;ε-Lagrange multiplier

基础科学，数学，运筹学最优化；集值映射；方向导数；线性稳定；最优解集映射；参数线性规划；参数凸二次规划；误差界；次微分映射；下局部方向Lipschitzian；上局部方向Lipschitzian；局部方向Lipschitzian；凸函数；拟微分；核拟微分；拟核；星核；星微分； Penot-微分；上导数；下导数； Epi-导数；集值优化；集值分析；集值映射的次微分；最优性条件；广义锥次类凸；ε-对偶；数乘；ε-Lagrange乘子

The trigonometric polynomial curves retain the main superiority of the quadratic Bézier curves.

给出了二次三角多项式形式的Bézier曲线，基函数由一组带形状参数的二次三角多项式组成。

The trigonometric polynomial curves retain the main superiority of cubic Bézier curves.

给出了二次三角多项式B zier曲线，基函数由一组带形状参数的二次三角多项式组成。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。