二态性

In Chapter 2,a steady permeability identification problem in elliptic equa-tions for two-dimensional orthotropic medium is considered.We construct afunctional,obtain its first and second Gateaux differential,and prove that thefunctional is strictly convex on a convex admissible function set.We seek to iden-tify the permeability by minimization of the above functional.

第二章研究了二维稳态正交异性介质的渗透率反演问题，我们构造了一个泛函，求得该泛函的一、二阶Gateaux微分，证明了它在一个凸的容许集上的严格凸性，并使用极小化泛函即变分方法来求解此问题。

In Chapter Ⅲ, by considering functions H k that may not have nonpositive partial derivative on s and employing integral averaging technique and Hardy inequality, the oscillation for a class of high order nonlinear differential equations and high order nonlinear damped differential equations is discussed, new oscillation criteria are established.

第二章利用广义Riccati技巧、积分平均技巧以及微分不等式理论，讨论了一类二阶非线性常微分方程的振动性，得到了若干新的振动准则，并讨论了该方程具有强迫项时解的渐近性态。

Orientalism, asdefined by Edward Said, refers to three overlapping domains: first, the changing historical and cultural relationship between Europe and Asia; second, the scientific discipline in the West which studies the various Oriental cultures and traditions; third, the ideological suppositions, images, and fantasies about a currently important and politically urgent region of the world called the Orient.

做为意识型态和实践方式的东方论述，据萨伊德指出，是涵盖三个互相重叠的领域：一是欧美和亚洲间不断变动的历史与文化关系；二是西方一门自十九世纪以来研究东方文化传统的学科；三是一个现今西方世界，基於其政治上的急迫性，称之为东方的区域，以及和其相关的意识型态、假设和想像。

Sampling points were obtained by using optimal Latin hypercube design of experimental method,meantime,in order to improve computing efficiency,application of stepwise regression response surface approximate method in the MDO system of the vehicle crashworthiness and free mode of Body-In-White,the approximate model was optimized by using sequential quadratic programming method.

采用最优拉丁方试验设计方法进行样本数据设计，同时，为了提高计算效率，采用了一种新型的响应面构建方法——逐步回归响应面方法构建了整车耐撞性与白车身自由模态多学科系统的近似模型，利用序列二次规划优化方法对此近似模型进行优化，避免了整车碰撞传统优化设计方法计算量大，在碰撞非线性系统优化中常常易导致收敛缓慢甚至不收敛的缺点，在满足了CMVDR294安全法规的同时，使得白车身的扭转模态值得到提高，汽车重量得到较大程度的减轻。

The inward current in OHCs was totally inhibited after the superfusion of 100μmolIL and 200μmo1/L linopirdine respectively. The outward rectifier K(superscript +) current I(subscript K was the dominant K(superscript +) current in the whole cell currents in Deiters' cells. In the presence of 200μmol/L linopirdine, the current was not significantly affected.

在细胞外液中，加入100μmol/L利诺吡啶后，OHCs中的四乙基二乙胺敏感的钾电流峰电流成分被抑制，稳态电流幅值减小，且电流的失活时间常数明显延长；在细胞外液中加入100μmol/L利诺吡吮后，OHCs的内向性钾电流I被完全抑制；而细胞外液中利诺吡啶终浓度为200μmol/L时，Deiters 细胞的外向整流性钾电流幅值无明显变化。

Several new physics experiments in 1998 were performed and analyzed to showthe subtlety of quantum theory,including the "wave-particle duality" and the nonseparability of two-particle entangled s tate.

文摘：在1998年完成和分析的几个新的物理实验显示了量子理论的微妙性，包括"波粒二重性"以及二粒子缠结态的不可分性。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

The outward rectifier K+ current current was the dominant K+ current in the whole cell currents in Deiters' cells. In the presence of 200μ M linopirdine, the Ik current was not significantly effected. Our findings demonstrated that the KCNQ heteromeric or homomeric potassium channel may be the molecular basis for the peak outward K+ current and testified that the inward IKn current is mediated by KCNQ potassium channel.

在细胞外液中，加入100 μmol/L利诺吡啶后，OHCs中的四乙基二乙胺敏感的钾电流峰电流成分被抑制，稳态电流幅值减小，且电流的失活时间常数明显延长；在细胞外液中加入100 μmol/L和200 μmol/L利诺吡啶后，OHCs的内向性钾电流IKn被完全抑制；而细胞外液中利诺吡啶终浓度为200 μmol/L 时，Deiters细胞的外向整流性钾电流幅值无明显变化。

This welding wire not only has the inherent properties of metal powder-cored wire, such as with better welding quality, without slag, highly efficiency and conveniently adjusting the alloying elements etc., but also has the advantage of low hardness in as-welded (less than HRC45), good machinability, high hardness in as-aged (more than HRC55) and better wear resistance with customary working procedure on making or repairing equipments such as rollers when reasonable designing the alloys content. The author adequately makes use of the high-tempering in the required stress relieving working procedure. During this working procedure, which causes the hardness of overlaying metal increased by the reason of austenite changes into tempered martensite and more chiefly what is the precipitation of a lot of carbide by secondary hardening simultaneously. This wire can solve the hard rolled problems of some solid wires with higher alloys while it can get over the conflict of existing overlaying materials what are always possesed high hardness with poor machinability or low hardness, good machinability with poor wear resistance. Further, it also can overcome the intenerating phenomena between welding beads and make the external hardness of overlaying metal uniform. Be sure it could be found important meaning in the overlaying of wear-resistant equipments, such as the precise roller.

该焊丝除了具有金属粉型药芯焊丝焊接质量好、无渣、高效率和合金成分可方便调节等固有的优点外，合理的设计粉芯中的合金成分，按通常工序制造与修复轧辊等设备，充分利用必需的消除应力工序的高温回火，堆焊层金属在奥氏体转变为回火马氏体的同时更主要是通过二次硬化析出了大量碳化物导致硬度增加，使得该焊丝还具有焊态硬度低(小于HRC45)、机加工性能好和时效态硬度高(大于HRC55)、耐磨性能好等优点，解决了某些高合金实芯焊丝轧制困难的问题，同时克服了现行堆焊材料硬度高、加工性能差或者硬度低、加工性能好、耐磨性差的矛盾，并能克服焊道之间的软化现象，使堆焊表面硬度较为均匀，对耐磨件，譬如精轧辊的堆焊具有重要意义。

Results of non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the supernatant and aggregate precipitate formed in refolding process show that except being refolded to native egg white lysozymes, the reduced-denatured lysozymes can also form the aggregates with molecular weights being separately about 30.0 and 35.0 kD, while the reducing SDS-PAGE and the refolding results in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate show that these aggregates are formed chiefly through the misconnection of disulfide bonds between the reduced-denatured lysozymes, and the aggregate precipitates are formed through the non-covalent interactions between the aggregates with molecular weight being about 30.0 kD.

复性过程形成的上清和集聚体沉淀的非还原电泳结果表明，除了能复性成天然态的溶菌酶分子外，还原变性蛋白溶菌酶同时还能形成分子量分别约为30.0KD和35.0KD的蛋白溶菌酶分子集聚体；而它们的还原电泳和在SDS存在时的复性结果表明，这些集聚体主要是通过还原变性蛋白溶菌酶分子间的二硫键错配而形成，而集聚体沉淀则是通过分子量约为30.0KD的集聚体分子之间的非共价相互作用而形成。

The X-ray diffract was used to analyze the crystal structure of the composite. Results show that after the talc was treated with blend coupling agent, the crystal structure of talc changed, and effect Intercalation phenomenon.

通过X射线衍射分析可知，用混合偶联剂对滑石粉进行预处理后，滑石粉晶体结构发生改变，产生了插层现象，使PP／滑石粉复合材料为纳米复合材料。

An authentic Maui wedding might require the services of a 'kahu', which is a Hawaiian minister.

毛伊可能需要一个真实婚礼服务'kahu'，这是夏威夷部长。