二分子

The influences of the inclusion of Na~+ into each conformer (C7AB, C7"AB, C7eqB, C5A, C7axB orα"B) of AD molecule on the Ramachandran angles of molecular backbone and the hydrogen bonds in AD moiety were discussed in detail. It was found that in the forming process of bidentate structures of Na~+-AD ion-complexes, the original H-bonds in AD molecule were fully broken down, accompanying with the new formation of the two Na-O bonds.

论文中详细探讨了Na~+-AD络合离子六种构象的空间构型，分析了丙氨酸二肽与Na~+作用过程中AD分子骨架Ramachandran角及分子内N(1)–H(1)…O(2)、N(2)–H(2)…O(1)、N(1)–H(1)…N(2)和N(2)–H(2)…N(1)氢键的变化，研究发现Na~+与AD分子形成双齿结构时，AD骨架中原先的氢键全部被破坏，继而形成了两个新的Na-O键；Na~+与AD分子形成单齿络合离子时，AD骨架中原先的氢键或者得到增强或者断裂之后出现新的强度更大的氢键。

A large number of bond-type complexes, as long as the hydrogen of the molecules covalently coupled to the molecular approach in an electronegative atom up, that constitutes a hydrogen bond, there are intramolecular hydrogen bonds and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the points, will affect the formation of complex reaction carried out, such as in solution adding dioxa cyclohexane, or tetrahydrofuran, will reduce the alkylation reaction rate.

氢键型络合物为数众多，只要含氢的分子以共价键方式耦合到分子中一个电负性原子上去，即构成氢键，有分子内氢键和分子间氢键之分，络合物的形成将会影响反应的进行，如在溶液中加入二氧杂环己烷或四氢呋喃，都会降低烷基化反应速率。

We have done some exploratory work from several aspects to generalize the Brownian motor to the more real situation: The model which molecular motor has internal degree of freedom; The track on which the Brownian particle moves cannot be completely ordered and contain certain amount of disorder, the model is rocking ratchets with stochastic potentials; A two-dimensional ratchet model with a non-conservative force to realize the coupling between the mechanical and chemical processes.

目前大多数的研究工作是把分子马达抽象为一维的点粒子，我们在推广布朗马达到更真实的方向上开展了以下几个侧面的研究分子马达动力学行为的探索性工作：分子马达具有内部结构的电偶极子模型；考虑分子马达的轨道不规则、不光滑的摇摆棘轮模型；提出一个具有非保守脉冲力场的二维棘轮模型。

The surface hydroxyl group onto magnetic polyvinyl acetate nanoparticles can be obtained by saponification reaction on their surface.

结果表明，磁性聚苯乙烯颗粒与丁二酸酐发生Freidel-Crafts酰基化反应，可以在颗粒表面引入少量羧基；磁性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒分别与乙二醇、二缩三乙二醇、聚乙二醇等发生醇-酯交换反应，可以在颗粒表面接枝不同分子链长度的末端羟基；磁性聚醋酸乙烯酯颗粒经过醇解或皂化反应可以获得表面羟基；磁性聚丙烯酸甲酯颗粒通过乙二胺或1，6己二胺的胺解反应可以得到表面氨基，继而与一氯乙酸反应可以引入亚胺二乙酸基团。

After two-cluster testing,branch length testing and relative rate testing ,two sequences(Melantitta nigra and Aythya americana) of 15 Cty b sequences were deleted because thek evolutionary rate were heterogeneous. The divergence between Anseriformes and Galliformes was chosen as an anchor point. Nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of 13 sequences data set was used to calibrated Anatidae molecular clocks. The results indicated that amino acid sequence is better than nucleotide sequence when divergence time is calculated with two kinds of sequences. The reliable divergence time of Anatidae were estimated with """"1+2TiTv"""" model.

经过二簇检验、分枝长度检验和相对速率检验，删除2条速率不恒定的序列后，用剩余的13条序列，以鸡形目与雁形目的分歧时间(89.8MYA)为锚定点，用顺序标定法标定鸭科鸟类分子钟的分析结果表明，用&1+2TiTv&分析得到的鸭科鸟类的分歧时间比较可靠；氨基酸序列用泊松校正模型和Γ模型估计的分类单元间的分歧时间则比较一致，表明氨基酸序列更适合用于鸭科鸟类分子钟的研究；用同一基因标定分子钟时，较长序列得到的结果标准误比较小；与核苷酸序列相比，氨基酸序列更适于用作分子钟的标定。

The surface pressure-area per molecule isotherm of 0.001molL^(-1) arachidic acid chloroformic solution at the air/liquid interface of pure water has been measured, and dynamic domains morphology of AA monolayer has been investigated via Brewster angle microscopy.

测定了花生酸的氯仿溶液在二次蒸馏水气／夜界面的单分子膜的表面张力与单分子面积的等温线，用布儒斯特角显微镜原位监测了花生酸分子成膜过程中单分子膜区域形貌的动态变化。

Further X-ray structure analysis at low resolution using molecular replacement technique with the Homarus Americanus lobster GAPDH structure as model structure shows that the subunit arragement within molecule is 222 symmentry, the molecular Q axis is parallel to crystallographic 2-fold axis b and molecular P and R axes are parallel to crystallographic a and c axes respe-ctively.

以Homarus Amercanus龙虾GAPDH结构为模型结构，应用分子置换技术进行了低分辨率Χ射线结构分析，结果表明：分子内亚基排列具有222对称性，分子Q轴平行于晶体学二重轴b，分子P和R轴分别平行于晶体学a和c轴。

The density, binding energy and radical distribution function of HTPB/plasticizers blends and binder hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, and plasticizer dioctyl sebacate, dioctyl adipate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctylphthalate were calculated by molecular dynamics simulation for evaluating compatibility of HTPB and plasticizers.

为评价端羟基聚丁二烯与增塑剂相容性的优劣，采用分子动力学模拟方法对纯HTPB、增塑剂癸二酸二辛酯、己二酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯及HTPB与增塑剂组成的共混物的密度、结合能和径向分布函数等进行了计算。

A novel type of photoalignment material based on the esterification reaction of 3,5-dihydroxyl benzyl alcohol and cinnamoyl chloride was firstly reported in this paper. The distinct property of this material is the nonlinear branch conformation and its polarity end with hydroxyl group.

通过在3，5-二羟基苯甲醇分子中的双酚基基团上引入双肉桂酰酯光敏基团的酯化反应，合成了一类新型的分子顶部为羟基极性基团，整个分子构型类似于树枝状的光敏小分子化合物。

Results of non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the supernatant and aggregate precipitate formed in refolding process show that except being refolded to native egg white lysozymes, the reduced-denatured lysozymes can also form the aggregates with molecular weights being separately about 30.0 and 35.0 kD, while the reducing SDS-PAGE and the refolding results in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate show that these aggregates are formed chiefly through the misconnection of disulfide bonds between the reduced-denatured lysozymes, and the aggregate precipitates are formed through the non-covalent interactions between the aggregates with molecular weight being about 30.0 kD.

复性过程形成的上清和集聚体沉淀的非还原电泳结果表明，除了能复性成天然态的溶菌酶分子外，还原变性蛋白溶菌酶同时还能形成分子量分别约为30.0KD和35.0KD的蛋白溶菌酶分子集聚体；而它们的还原电泳和在SDS存在时的复性结果表明，这些集聚体主要是通过还原变性蛋白溶菌酶分子间的二硫键错配而形成，而集聚体沉淀则是通过分子量约为30.0KD的集聚体分子之间的非共价相互作用而形成。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。