二元论

The concept that the world is ruled by the antagonistic forces of good and evil.

二元论认为世界由两个相互对立的力量，善与恶控制的观念

The origins of the Gnostic world view have been sought by scholars in the dualism of Iranian religion, the allegorical Idealism of the Middle Platonic philosophers, and the apocalypticism of certain Jewish mystics.

诺斯替世界的起源可以从波斯宗教的二元论学者那里找到，寓言般的中期柏拉图哲学的理想主义和犹太宗教的启示论。

The origins of the Gnostic world view have been sought by scholars in the dualism of Iranian religion, the allegorical Idealism of the Middle Platonic philosophers, and the apocalypticism of certain Jewish mystics .

诺斯替世界的起源可以从波斯宗教的二元论学者找到，寓言般的中期柏拉图哲学的理想主义和犹太宗教的启示论。

In the contradiction among the coherence theory、truth dualism and logic apriorism, Tarski published《the semantic notion of truth in formal language》in 1935 ,creating new approach to study the truth and setting up theory of truth which regarded as the more complete theory on logic truth than others in the history.

真理符合论、真理二元论以及逻辑先验论的长期斗争和矛盾使得美籍波兰学家塔斯基独辟蹊径，在1935年发表了《形式化语言中的真理概念》，开创了真理研究的新途径，建立了语义学真理论，这也是历史上第一个比较完整的逻辑真理论。

It is,therefore,inappropriate to call Cartesian a simple dualism.

可根据他的二元论，心与身是两种性质不同的东西，它们之间。。。

Chapter 5 focuses on one influential materialist response to Cartesianism, behaviorism.

第五章集中在一个有影响力的对笛卡尔二元论的物质主义回应：行为主义。

Yet when the Paulicians and Bogomili from Bulgaria came in contact with the West in the eleventh century, and eastern missionaries driven out by the Byzantine emperors taught dualist doctrines in the North of Italy and the South of France they found the leaven of Manichism still so deeply pervading the minds of the many that they could make it ferment and rise into the formidable Catharist heresies.

然而，当paulicians和bogomili从保加利亚来联系，与西方在11世纪，和东欧的传教士赶出由拜占庭皇帝教二元论学说在意大利北部和法国南部，他们发现，酵母的manichism仍然如此深普遍存在的头脑中的许多，他们可以使发酵，上升到可怕的catharist异端邪说。

The methods based on dualism are: the argument of analogy, hypothesis-deduce, cloud chamber imprint analogy, etc; while the methods based on monism are: logical behaviorism,being of Strawson, methological behaviorism, physicalism, etc. Since the 20 century, concerning the other minds problem, certain important achievements and empirical material were offered along with the great development made by modern scientific technology (esp. the Neurobiology, cognitive neuroscience,and the measuring and testing techniques of brain), the knowledge combination and intersecting cooperation research done by philosophers and biological scientists.

对于他心问题的解决方案，建立在二元论基础上的方法有：类比法，假说—演绎证明与"云室"痕迹类比等；建立在一元论基础上的方法有：分析行为主义，斯特劳森的人论，心理学行为主义，物理主义等。20世纪以来，随着现当代科学技术（尤其是神经生物学、认知神经科学和大脑测试技术等）的深入发展，哲学家与生命科学家的知识联姻和交叉合作研究，提供了关于他心问题的若干重要成果和实证资料。

The first moment describes a radical dualism in a previous age. Light and darkness, personified in the Father of Lights and the Prince of Darkness, were both coeternal and independent.

第一个片刻描绘了在前一个纪元里的一种根本的二元论，光明与黑暗，在光之父亲和恶魔里面给予了人格化，同时都是永远共存和不受约束的。

Substance dualists argue that the mind is an independently existing substance, while property dualists maintain that the mind is a jumble of independent properties that emerge from the brain and cannot be reduced to it, but that it is not a distinct substance.

实体二元论主张心灵是独立存在的实体，而属性二元论持有心灵是从大脑中显现出来的独立属性的混杂，它们不能被还原到大脑，但也不是独立的另一种实体。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。