二倍体

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Based on the project experimental data, the reason of the notable difference between theoretical calculation and experiment on the inclination anchor rod is analyzed.

在粉土和粉质粘土的地质情况下，二次劈裂注浆形成的锚固体的等效直径是钻杆直径的1.5倍以上。

Oxalis acid,as an enhancement agent.can be used to compensate the signal depression caused by inorganic matrix and to improve the detection limits by about 2-10 times,for the hard-to-ionize elementsin ICP-MS determination.

作为一种增敏剂，乙二酸可以补偿由于无机基体的存在对高电离电位元素所产生的信号抑制现象，从而提高其分析灵敏度2～10倍。

Apparently, every year he went through the change from one form to the other, but had only recently realized he was tetraploid, and hadn't yet figured out the connection between the two.

/ 显然地，每年他经过从一种形式到另一个的改变，但是只有最近有了解他是四倍体的，而且没有理解之间的连结那二。

To determine the true rate of aneuploidy and to elucidate the mechanism of aneuploidy,the sperms were decondensed for FISH analysis. It was found that the disomic frequencies of chromosome X was 0.208%. A new decondensation method was developed by trypsin treatment. The basic morphology of sperm was maintained.

为了解非整倍体的真实发生率及其发生机制，本文以X染色体α卫星DNA探针进一步检测出正常精子中X染色体的二体型频率为0.208％，同时，建立了一种保持精子基本形态的胰酶去凝聚的方法，为目前国内尚未开展的精子遗传物质结构的分子细胞遗传学研究，提供了新的手段。

LREE depleted spinel lherzolite xenoliths are the 2%～15% partial melting residues of spinel lherzolite with 2 times REE concentration of chondrite. LREE enriched spinel lherzolite xenoliths are the prodiuct that 1% partial melting of garnet lherzolite derived melts mix in ratio of 2% with most LREE depleted spinel lherzolite.

轻稀土亏损的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体，是2倍球粒陨石稀土元素丰度的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地幔经过2％～15％部分熔融后的残留体；而富集型尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体可能为，来自深部石榴石二辉橄榄岩源区1％熔融形成的熔体以约2％的比例隐交代轻稀土元素最亏损的包体代表的幔源区后形成的。

The fluorescent emission mechanism, and the some factors that affect the energy and the intensities of the fluorescent peaks were studied. The strong powder second harmonic generation efficiencies for complexes (1),(2),(3) and (4) were found. The determination of variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility for complex (3) and complex (5) was performed. The magnetic data were analyzed with their structure properties, and the further information about the magnetic coupling capacity of Carbamyldicyanomethanide as bridging ligand was obtained.

测试了配合物(1)，(2)，(3)，(4)的荧光光谱，从配体的结构特点等方面研究了该荧光光谱的产生机理，研究了影响荧光谱峰能量及强度的因素；发现了配合物(1)，(2)，(3)，(4)显示有强的二阶非线性倍频效应；测试了配合物(3)和(5)的变温磁化率，对所得磁数据进行了结构性质分析，进一步获得了甲氨酰二氰基甲基阴离子作为桥联配体的磁耦合信息。

The mechanism of co-fluorescence effect has been discussed. In chapter six, the new fluorescence enhancement phenomenon was observed by adding some crown ethers to samarium-thenoyltrifluoroacetone system.

在第六章中，研究发现当向钐-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮中加入配位能力很强的大环配体冠醚时，冠醚对稀土有机配合物体系产生显著的荧光增强作用，其中冠醚二苯并18冠6后（DB18C6）可使钐-TTA二元配合物体系荧光强度增强280倍。

Employing high-dilute method and 5-fold excess amine prepared two new "two-armed" acyclic diamine intermediates I_a and I_b, which are also intermediates of synthesizing microcyclic compounds, and eight aromatic Schiff bases, II_, were synthesized from reaction of I_a or I_b condensing with different aromatic aldehydes. Their composition and structure were characterized by Elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, LIF,~1HNMR and MS. The hydrogen bond interactions and MS fragmental patterns were also discussed.3. Several novel transition metal complexes using II_a as ligand were synthesized and identified by Elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis,~1HNMR and molar conductivity.

1，采用高度稀释及胺过量五倍的方法合成了两个具有吡啶双酰胺臂的非环二胺Ⅰ_a和Ⅰ_b，并以它们为中间体进一步合成了八个芳香席夫碱Ⅱ_a-Ⅱ_h，通过元素分析及各种波谱测试鉴定了它们的组成与结构，对化合物的UV-Vis、LIF、IR、~1HNMR及MS进行了较为详细的讨论，还探讨了席夫碱的氢键相互作用及质谱裂解方式； 2，以席夫碱Ⅱ_a为配体合成了几个新型的过渡金属配合物，并通过元素分析、UV-Vis、IR、~1HNMR、摩尔电导及DTA—TG对其进行了表征，讨论了化合物的配位情况及配体在配位中的脱质子行为。

The condition of having three copies of a given chromosome in each somatic cell rather than the normal number of two.

亚倍体的有一组染色体，只有几个染色体比正常的二色染色体少

What would he tell Judith and the children?

他将怎样告诉朱迪丝和孩子们呢？

I this is at that time, the opinion with peacockish true girl is full of in a heart.

这就是当时的我，一个心中布满虚荣的女孩子真实的想法。