二倍体

The study on the phylogenetic relations among these species is very useful for the study on genome and marker-assisted breeding in Brassica species. The karyotypic analysis is one of the most important methods in analysing the phylogenetic relation of species with closer relations. The protocol for inducing high frequency metaphase was established by pretreatment with low temperature and 8hydroxyquinoline, and then the preparation of chromosome and karyotypes analysis of six economical important Brassica species were carried out. According to the karyotypic analysis, it was shown that in the genomes of amphidiploid species, there are genomical components from didiploid species. Our result showed that B. campetris, B. juncea and B. napus belonged to class 2B, while B.

以二倍体B.nigra（B，n=8）基因组为探针，用B.campestris（A，n=10）或B.oleracea（C，n=9）的基因组进行封阻，分别与B.juncea（AB，n=18）和B.carinata（BC，n=17）进行GISH杂交发现，B.juncea和B.carinata基因组中仅有来自于B.nigra的8对染色体表现杂交信号，而其它染色体杂交信号较弱；以B.campestris或B.oleracea基因组为杂交探针与B.napus（AC，n=19）进行GISH杂交发现，所有19对染色体均出现杂交信号，根据杂交结果难以正确判断B.napus基因组中的哪些染色体是来自于A基因组，哪些是来自于C基因组；以rRNA基因（18S-5.8S-26S）为探针的FISH杂交结果表明，B.campestris基因组中rRNA基因位点为6对；B.oleracea为3对；B.nigra为2对；B.carinata为4对；B.juncea为6对；B.napus为6对。

It is proposed the gene is designated as Pm34. A dominant major powdery mildew resistance gene in a BC〓F〓 population, derived from a cross between an amphidiploid of T. durum acc. DR147-Ae. caudate acc. Ae14 and wheat cv. Laizhou953, was identified.

在由硬粒小麦DR147-尾状山羊草Ae14合成的双二倍体与普通小麦品种莱州953杂交衍生的BC〓F〓群体中鉴定了一个显性抗小麦白粉病基因。

A pair of specific primers was designed from the sequenceand was used to amplify the genomic DNAs of Yangmai 5,6VS/6AL line,substitution line of 6V and amphidiploid of Triticum durum-Haynaldiavillosa.

根据该序列设计了一对特异引物，分别以感病对照扬麦5号，抗病6VS/6AL易位系，6V代换系，硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体及簇毛麦的基因组DNA为模板进行特异性扩增。

Triticum ; Aegilops ; amphidiploid ; seed—set

小麦；山羊草；双二倍体；结实率

The karyotypes and the Giemsa-C banding patterns of Aegilops tauschii (85A-34) and Hordium vulgare (H2) and regenerated plants from embryo callus of hybrids between Ae.tauschii and H.vulgare (2n=28) were confirmed by karyotype analyzing and Giemsa-C banding technique in this study, thus proved that the regenerated plants from embryo callus of hybrids between Ae.tauschii and H.vulgare (2n=28) were spontaneously chromosal doubling amphidiploid.

本研究通过染色体组型分析和Giemsa--C带显带技术，确定了节节麦（85A85A-34）、栽培大麦（H2）、节节麦×大麦杂种胚再生植株(2n=28)的染色体组型和Giemsa--C带核型，证明了节节麦×大麦杂种胚再生植株(2n=28)为自发加倍的节节麦－大麦双二倍体。

A new upland germplasm with the delayed gland morphogenesis trait of G.bickii, ABH-0318, was bred by crossing the amphidiploid of (G.arboreum ×G.bickii)F_1 with an upland cotton germplasm 'Gl_2Gl_2gl_3gl_3' and backcrossing afterward continuously.

用F1双二倍体作母本与陆地棉单节显性系1(Gl2Gl2gl3gl3)进行杂交和连续回交，育成了具有子叶色素腺体延缓形成特性的陆地棉种质系———ABH0318。

We suggest that this gene from amphiploid Am3 most likely belongs to a novel resistance gene, and temporary designated LrPS.

因此，双二倍体小麦Am3携带的隐性抗叶锈病基因可能是一个新的抗病基因，暂定名为LrPS。

The chromosome composition of Yuan Zhong 2, a common wheat-Ag.intermedium partial amphiploid (2n=54), was analyzed with the genomic in situ hybridization,in which the biotinylated total DNA of Ag.intermedium as the probe and the total DNA of common wheat cv.Chinese Spring as blocking DNA were used to hybridize with the chromosome DNA of Yuan Zhong 2 at mitotic metaphase in root tip cells.

为分析普通小麦-天兰冰草部分双二倍体-远中2号(2n=54)的染色体构成，用生物素(biotin-16-dUTP)标记天兰冰草染色体组DNA作为探针，以普通小麦品种中国春染色体组DNA为封闭DNA，与远中2号的有丝分裂中期染色体DNA进行了分子原位杂交。

Wheat germplasm lines were obtained from the posterity of Aegilops tauschii-Triticum Carthlicum amphiploid, and analysis results showed that the 30 germplasm lines have many excellent characters, such as multi-tillers, multi-spikes per plant, good disease resistance, large ear, etc., they are very useful in genetic improvemert of wheat.

从粗山羊草与硬粒小麦合成的双二倍体后代中选育出30个种质系，对其鉴定结果表明，它们的分蘖力、单株穗数、抗病性、穗长等性状表现优异，具有重要利用价值。

SSR analysis indicated that triploids were derived from nucellar apomixis; diploids were most probably from sexual crosses of haploid female gametes and alien pollen grains.

SSR分析结果表明三倍体后代来源於柑橘珠心细胞的无融合生殖，而二倍体个体很可能是单倍体的雌配子与外界花粉杂交后代。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。