二倍体

The genomic changes occurred form F_1 and the greatest changes of sequence was occurred from S_0 generation to S_1 generation,while,there were miner changes from S_1 to S_2, which indicated that the allopolyploid genome became more stable following the selfing process and the sequence change was a rapid event.

但在S_1到S_2代基因组序列变化比率基本接近，暗示了伴随着异源双二倍体的自交过程，早期基因组表现出稳定的趋势，说明基因组序列变化是一个快速的事件。

Diplobiontic Describing life cycles showing a typical alternation of generations with haploid and diploid somatic bodies.

异型世代：具有典型的单倍体和二倍体世代交替的生活史的现象。

The difference in genetics reflected by the above three angle between selfed progenies and original amphidiploid was very small.

自交一代与原生双二倍体在三个层次上表现的遗传差异很小。

The seed set of amphidiploid with DAG genome was ...

具其它组型的双二倍体，则表现结实率较低，但具DAG组型的除外。

Through wide hybridization between wheat and Thinopyrum species, a lot of amphidiploid, addition, substitution and translocation lines were produced and many wheat cultivars were selected.

通过小麦与偃麦草的远缘杂交，创造了大批小麦一偃麦草双二倍体、异附加系、异代换系和易位系材料，选育了许多小麦新品种。

Teleomorph = sexual stages - involves dikaryons, diploidy and meiosis

有性阶段，涉及二核阶段，二倍体阶段和减数分裂三个阶段

Typical characteristics of apoptotic cells as membrane blebbing, chromatin pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and apoptotic body were seen under electromicroscope. Apoptosisspecific DNA ladder bands from SGC-7901 cells were visualized with electrophoresis. Hypodiploid apoptotic peak was observed before G1 phase by flow cytometry analysis.

凋亡细胞形态学上表现为细胞膜起泡、染色质固缩、核碎裂、凋亡小体形成；DNA电泳呈现凋亡特征性阶梯状条带；流式细胞仪分析显示G1期前出现亚二倍体凋亡峰。

Results Infected by this peptide, cell viability decreased 28.9%. Under light microscope, cells were shrinked and rounded, many cells were divorced from plate wall, some neuraxon shortened and broke. Apoptotic cells which nucleolus shrinked and rounded could be coloured orange by fluorescent colouration. Under electron microscope, chromatin gathered along the inside of the nuclear membrane, vacuole bodies appeared. Apoptotic peak was detected by flow cytometry and the ladder band appeared in DNA electrophoresis.

结果：细胞接触肽段后存活率下降28.9％；光镜下可见细胞贴壁不良，胞体缩小，细胞突起断裂缩短；荧光染色可见细胞突起缩短、胞核固缩、胞质染成橘红色的凋亡细胞；电镜下可见胞质中出现空泡样结构，细胞染色质浓集于核膜内侧并裂解成碎块状；流式细胞仪检测细胞出现亚二倍体峰，DNA电泳出现梯状带。

FCM appeared obvious inferior diploid peak and blocked the cells to the G_1 phase.The red particles throughout the cytoplasm and permeated the plasma membrane could also be seen.Chromatin lining and breeding body could be seen under the transmission electron microscope.

FCM出现明显的亚二倍体峰并将细胞阻滞于G1期，Annexin-V-FITC联合法染色可见细胞凋亡的特征性贯穿胞质穿过胞膜的红色颗粒，电镜下可见染色质边集及生发小体的凋亡形态特征。

To induce diploid gynogenesis in summer flounder, eggs were fertilized with heterogenous cryopreservative sperm of Lateolabrax japonicas , which was irradiated with UV ray to be genetically inactivated, and cold shock was used to prevent extrusion of the second polar body.

中文摘要：用冷冻保存的花鲈精子作为异源精子，采用紫外线对精子进行照射使其遗传物质失活，然后与卵子进行&授精&，可以刺激犬齿牙鲆鱼卵进行雌核发育，在受精后一定时间采用冷休克处理&授精&卵，抑制第二极体排出成功获得了犬齿牙鲆雌核发育二倍体鱼苗。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。