二倍

Fig.1 SHEE cultured on coverslide, the living cells were growing in single layer with rich cytoplasm, the nuclei were uniform in size with a nucleolus ph ×400 Fig.2 SHEE had a nucleus with ellipse shape, large nucleolus and the cytoplasm contained mitochondria and tonofibrilEM ×10 000 Fig.3 SHEE was spherical in shape, with pseudopods attached on petri dish and abundant villi on cell surface SEM ×5 000 Fig.4 Same as in Fig.3, cell attached on petri dish, appeared stellate or polygonal in shape, with abundant pseudopods and cytoplasmic processes. Protrusive nuclear region in central part of the cell had more micro-villi SEM ×5 000 Fig.5 Chromosomes of SHEE cells belonged to diploidy type Giemsa ×1 000 Fig.6 The SHEE cells of stained in dark brown by Ki67 immunohistochemistry were the proliferative cells Immunohistochemistry ×400 Fig.7 In SHEE cell culture, the nucleus stained red or pink by PI was dead cell, the green nucleus was living cell Fluorescent ×400 Fig.8 The cell labeled by TdT was apoptotic cell in which the chromatin of nucleus condensed in block, a pyknotic nucleus in the upper right conner was seen TdT labeled ×400

图1 SHEE培养在盖坡片上，活细胞单层生长，胞浆较丰富，细胞核大小一致，有核仁×400 图2 SHEE培养细胞细胞核椭圆形，核仁较大，胞浆有较丰富的线粒体和张力原纤维EM ×10 000 图3 SHEE细胞呈球状，有伪足贴壁，表面有密集微绒毛SEM ×5 000 图4 同上细胞贴壁，呈星状或多角形，有丰富伪足和胞浆突，核区隆起有较多微绒毛SEM ×5 000 图5 SHEE细胞染色体仍属二倍体Giemsa染色×1 000 图6 SHEE细胞Ki67免疫组织化学染棕黄色为增殖细胞×400 图7 SHEE培养细胞出现死细胞，胞核和胞浆PI染色呈红色或淡红色，蓝色细胞核为活细胞荧光显微镜×400 图8 细胞TdT标记阳性为凋亡细胞，染色质凝集呈块状，右上角有一固缩细胞核TdT标记×400

The somatic hybrids usually showed specific bands and combined all the bands of both parents. In combinations, some new bands were detected, and occasionally specific bands of parents were lost, which indicated that chromosome recombination and exchange happened after fusion. Additionally, in some combinations, specific bands from leaf parent were detected, which revealed the plants were of putative hybrid origin, because leaf protoplast cannot redifferentiate by both single culture and co-culture.

体细胞杂种一般表现为具有双亲的特征带，且综合双亲的所有带，但在部分杂种中检测到了双亲都没有的新带，也发现有丢失亲本的特征带或共有带的现象，说明融合后染色体发生了重组和交换；有的引物只检测到叶肉亲本的特征带，根据柑橘叶肉细胞无论单独培养还是共培养均不能再生的事实，可推测其为体细胞杂种或二倍体叶肉亲本型胞质杂种。

In order to analyze the conservation of maize centromeric satellite DNA and centromeric retrotransposon in the subspecies and relatives of Zea mays, dual fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect the existence and distribution of the above two repetitive sequences in Zea mays ssp. mexicana, Z. diploperennis, Z. perennis, Tripsacum dactyloides, Coix lacryma-jobi, and Sorghum bicolor.

为分析玉米着丝粒卫星DNA和着丝粒反转录转座子在玉米种的亚种及近缘种中的保守性，采用双色荧光原位杂交检测了这两种重复序列在墨西哥玉米、二倍体多年生类玉米、多年生类玉米、摩擦禾、薏苡、高粱中的存在和分布。

The DNA relative content of large unreduced pollen grains induced by colchicine was determined quantitatively with laser scanning confocal microscopy using the normal-sized pollen grains as control. The results suggest that the large unreduced pollen grains are diploid.

以正常花粉作对照，用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对经秋水仙碱处理诱导出的大花粉进行了DNA含量的定量测定，初步确认该试验诱导的大花粉是一种二倍体花粉。

Furthermore, HBsAg gene expression was obtained in zygotic sporophytes by using male gametophytes-targeted bombardment.

继而利用雄配子体途径也实现了HBsAg在海带二倍体孢子体中的稳定表达，提示利用海带表达口服乙肝疫苗具有一定可行性。

In addition, a further study was made of the technique of extraction, isolation and purification of GLA. The factional extraction used in the laboratory with n-hexane and ethanol was changed into the whole extraction of 6〓 solvent, which simplified production technique and reduced cost of production. The fungal lipid extracted from the fermentation in the medium-scale test was concentrated by the urea adducting method with methanol as solvent, at 75～80℃ for 3 hours. After GLA had been adducted twice, the content of GLA came up to 84. 25%, around a twelfth as much as the original concentration.

并对γ—亚麻酸的提取和分离纯化工艺进行了研究，将实验室中用正己烷和乙醇分步抽提的工艺改为用6〓溶剂一步抽提技术，从而简化了生产工艺，降低了生产成本；采用脲素包合法，以甲醇作为溶剂，温度控制在75～80℃，包合时间为3h，对中试发酵所提取的菌油进行了浓缩，γ—亚麻酸两次包合后，GLA含量达到84.25%，比原浓度浓缩了近十二倍。

When someone bashes you around, who's twice your size, just whenever he feels like it

那个人比你个子大二倍，他想什么时候打你就什么时候打你。

The agar diffusion and plate serial dilution test was used to detect the effect of CMCT-Ag+ against Pg by observing cingula diameter and bacteria plaque.

采用琼脂扩散和固体平板二倍稀释法观察抑菌环直径和菌斑数，测定 CMCT-Ag+对 Pg的抑制作用。

Results: RNAs isolated from human embryonic lung diploid cells could be amplified to β-actin productions and their cDNAs could be intercrossed on microarray.

结果：二倍体细胞来源的RNA为模板，能扩增出β-actin产物，并且在基因芯片上有杂交点。

Aminothiazole and its homologues can be nitrated in the same way, using a double excess of nitrating mixture

用二倍过量的混合硝化剂，能将氨基噻唑及其同系物以同样的方法硝化。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。