事故

Based on practical demands of regional accident emergency management of major hazard installations, non-structural fuzzy decision method and accident consequence simulation methods are co-method to present safety management administration and related enterprises a multi-criteria decision support method, which is focused on enterprises that might be affected by the potential accident consequence of major hazard installations, for regional accident emergency management of major hazard installations, this method is aimed to optimize the management of emergency resource, promote the performance of safety management system, decrease the fatalities and property loss.

针对目前我国应对重大危险源突发事故的管理和决策主要依赖于相关领导或专家掌握的知识及经验的现状，将非结构化模糊决策方法(Non-structural Fuzzy Decision Method， NSFDM)和事故后果模拟方法相结合，以区域范围内受重大危险源潜在事故影响的企业为决策对象，以减小事故影响范围，降低事故严重程度为目标，建立起重大危险源区域事故应急决策的多准则决策方法，以期帮助安监职能部门优化配置应急救援资源，提高应急响应绩效，减少国家和人民的经济和财产损失。

In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Administrative Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China, the Work Safety Law of the People's Republic of China and the Regulations on the Reporting, investigation and Handling of the Accidents Disrupting Production Safety, the Ministry of Supervision has, by earnestly fulfilling its administrative supervision functions and responsibilities, joined relevant departments in seriously closing the cases of the 5 major accidents which are: an extremely serious road traffic black powder explosion in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province on March 17, 2005, an extremely serious fire accident in Nanshan Coalmine in Lingshi County of Jinzhong City of Shanxi Province on November 12, 2006, an extremely serious steel ladle capsizal accident at Qinghe Special Steel Co. Ltd. in Tieling City of Liaoning Province on April 18, 2007, a major methane explosion accident at Pudeng Coalmine in Linfen City of Shanxi Province on May 5, and an extremely serious bridge collapsing accident over Dixituo River in Fenghuang County of Hunan Povince.

根据《中华人民共和国行政监察法》、《中华人民共和国安全生产法》、国务院《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》等法律法规的规定，监察部认真履行行政监察职责，会同有关部门严肃查处了江西上饶"3.17"道路交通黑火药爆炸特别重大事故、山西省晋中市灵石县南山煤矿"11.12"特别重大火灾事故、辽宁省铁岭市清河特殊钢有限公司"4.18"钢水包倾覆特别重大事故、山西省临汾市蒲邓煤矿"5.5"重大瓦斯爆炸事故、湖南省凤凰县堤溪沱江大桥"8.13"特别重大坍塌事故等5起事故。

The summary of damage compensational responsibility of traffic accident of motor vehicles In this chapter, the thesis nails down the definition of traffic accident, historically reviews the general situation of traffic accident in China, and differentiates the damage compensation responsibility of traffic accident of motor vehicles and the responsibility of traffic accident of motor vehicles.

一、机动车交通事故损害赔偿责任概述在机动车交通事故损害赔偿责任概述一章中，本文明确了交通事故的定义、对我国交通事故的概况进行了历史性的考察，并区分了机动车交通事故损害赔偿责任与机动车交通事故责任。

It is in urgent need to build a traffic accident information spatial-database based on GIS. The contents of a perfect traffic accident information spatial-database should include three parts, i.e. spatial-database, influential factors database and database of metadata and data dictionary. Its important application value is described. The data in the database are organized with the idea of layer-organization in GIS. The structure of each table and correlation in-between these tables are designed in detail. T...

笔者分析了建立基于GIS的交通事故信息空间数据库的紧迫性；探讨了完备的交通事故信息数据库的内容构成，认为应包括空间数据库、影响因素数据库以及元数据和数据字典库三大部分；研讨了交通事故空间数据库的重要应用价值，进而采用GIS的分层组织思想对交通事故信息空间数据库中的数据进行组织；详细设计了各个数据表以及数据表间的关系，建立了包含交通事故对象、人、车、路以及环境等要素的交通事故空间数据库，为交通事故研究提供完备的数据支持。

Typical accident-causing" theories includes Heinrich" s Domino" s theory, its development by Bird, Adams and other people, progress of which is that it is deficiencies of management system that are the root cause in accident causation sequence. This is author" s idea resource and main method to produce the water traffic accident-causing theory . in addition, uncontrolled transferring of energy theory, applies widely in safety management scheme for water traffic; human error accident model can be used to analyze causes of collision accident and to take preventive measures; perturbation theory and multilinear event sequencing method is a very useful investigation method to water traffic accidents. All of these theories have contributed to the development of water traffic accident-causing theory. As to orbit intersecting theory, the paper thinks it extension of Domino s theory, although it exists independently.

有代表性的事故致因理论有海因里希因果连锁理论以及博德、亚当斯等人对该理论的发展，这些发展的主要进步是突出了管理缺陷是事故因果连锁中的基本原因，是本文分析和发展水上交通事故致因理论的主要思想来源和方法论；能量意外转移理论，广泛的应用在水上交通安全的各项具体管理制度中；人失误事故模型能用于指导对碰撞事故的原因分析和预防；动态变化理论及多线性事件连锁论对指导事故调查是较好的分析方法；轨迹交叉理论虽然以独立的理论形式存在，但本文认为其实质仍然是因果连锁理论的发展。

After the collision, Shanghai Municipality organized an investigation group for this accident and came to a conclusion in a shortest possible time: it is an omission in the design that caused a wrong instruction, so the down-train directly collided with a normal turn-back train on the side due to insufficient braking distance, and the accident thus happened.

事故发生后，上海市政府迅速组成事故调查组，并在最短时间内对事故作出了结论。事故的直接原因是：由于设计疏漏，造成信号系统发出错误指令，致使列车制动距离不足，使下行列车与正在折返的列车发生侧面冲撞，导致了该事故的发生。

The system was used to set up a simulation of calculating the consequences of industrial hazardous accidents such as natural gas vapor explosion accident, person intoxication accident by ammonia liquid diffusion, pool fire accident, river pollution accident by sodium cyanide, etc.

并运用该评估系统对一些具体的泄漏后的工业危害事故，如天然气的蒸气云爆炸事故、液氨的扩散导致人员中毒事故、池火灾事故、氰化钠污染河流事故等进行了事故后果模拟计算。

The influence on vehicles after traffic accident happen in urban road net is analyzed in this paper. According to the degree of the accident, the capacity of the accident point is determined. The formula of travel time after accident when traffic demand upriver exceed the capacity of the accident point is given based on the dynamic law of waiting queue, which is regarded as the gist of circumambulating or not.

本文分析了城市路网发生交通事故对车辆行驶的影响，根据交通事故的严重程度不同确定事故地点的通行能力，按照排队长度动态变化的规律，给出了事故点上游交通需求大于事故点通行能力时事故路段行程时间的计算公式，以此作为是否诱导车辆绕行的依据。

Traffic accident simulation and control technology are simulating the environment and driving process, simulating the operation situation of accident vehicle on the road, making kinematic analysis based on data such as vehicle collision, stop location and collision narks, to determine the normally running line and the speed of vehicle before the accident, presume the collision speed course reversely, use 3D graphics technology to reappearance accidents process , provide scientific theory for the analysis of the cause, make corresponding protect safety technology and strategy.

交通事故模拟与控制技术是对驾驶环境与驾驶行为进行仿真，模拟车辆在道路上发生事故的运行情况，根据车辆碰撞位置和停止位置、车身碰痕等事故现场数据进行运动学分析，确定车辆在事故前正常行驶时的速度和路线，逆向推定碰撞车速及事故过程，应用三维图形技术再现交通事故过程，为分析事故成因，提出相应的交通安全保障技术和策略奠定科学理论依据。

Incident Classification and Notifications 事故分类和通报 PR-00-SIJ-SE-0041 A00 Page 9 of 27 16/09/02 Injury Any injury such as a cut, fracture, sprain, amputation etc., which results from a single instantaneous exposure.

诸如割伤、骨折、扭伤、断肢等等在内的各种伤害事故，一般是由瞬间接触造成的。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。