事件概率

These episodes in individual tales display such striking regularities in aggregate that some of the social scientists who first applied the rules of probability to human affairs questioned the very notion of free will."Society prepares the crime," wrote Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgian statistician, in 1835,"and the guilty person is only the instrument."

这些互相独立的故事中的一幕幕情节都显示出惊人的规律性（这些相互独立的故事都有着惊人相似的情节），因此，那些最早将概率法则应用于分析人类事件的社会科学家们颇为质疑所谓的自由意愿这个概念。1835年，比利时统计学家阿道夫·凯特勒（注1）曾写道，"人类社会酝酿了罪行，犯罪的个体只是工具罢了。"

It contains random events and probabilities, random variables and their distributions, multi dimension random variables and their distributions, the number character of random variables, laws of large number and the central limit theorem, etc.

学习概率论的目的是对随机现象有充分的感性认识和比较准确的理解，初步掌握处理不确定性事件的理论和方法，培养学生运用概率方法分析和解决实际问题的能力。

Under certain conditions, a certain probability of an event occurring.

在一定条件下，某个事件以一定的概率发生。

Probability The chance that a given event will occur, or that over a series of observations a particular kind of observation will occur regularly as a given proportion of the total number of observations.

概率：指某给定事件即将发生的机率，或经过一系列观察后，某些特定的观察规律性出现的可能性。

Function and limit, one-variable calculus and its application, ABC of progression and multiple-variable calculus, determinant, matrix and its calculation, system of linear equations and quadratic form, probability of occurrence, chance variable, law of large numbers and central limit theorem, sample and

本课程主要介绍函数和极限，一元微积分和它的应用，ABC级数和多元微积分，行列式和矩阵的应用，线性方程和二次方程式，事件的概率，偶然性变量，大数定律和中心极限定理，样本和参数估计，方差分析，回归分析。

Function and limit, one-variable calculus and its application, ABC of progression and multiple-variable calculus, determinant, matrix and its calculation, system of linear equations and quadratic form, probability of occurrence, chance variable, law of large numbers and central limit theorem, sample and parametric estimation, variance analysis, regression analysis.

Advanced Mathematics 1 [Course Code 1040008 MAT114] 本课程主要介绍函数和极限，一元微积分和它的应用，ABC 级数和多元微积分，行列式和矩阵的应用，线性方程和二次方程式，事件的概率，偶然性变量，大数定律和中心极限定理，样本和参数估计，方差分析，回归分析。

The famous Chebyshev's Inequality is usually used when estimating the boundary from above or below of probability .

在估计某些事件的概率的上下界时，常用到著名的切比雪夫不等式。

One might attempt to claim that if an event has such a low probability that it does not occur in a very large sample, then actually estimating its probability to be zero will not be a major error.

当一个事件在大规模样本集合中没有出现，属于低概率事件，而实际计算结果为零，这是一个很主要的错误。

Because software failure cause is anfractuous and available data are hard to get,a modelling method for bottom event is proposed based on Vague set to calculate the relative significance of bottom event and the occurrence probability of top event.

针对软件故障原因错综复杂，无法获取大量有效数据的情况，给出一种采用Vague集方法对底事件进行建模，从而计算底事件相对重要度和顶事件发生概率的定量分析方法，根据分析结果指导软件的可靠性设计并确定测试重点。

As for the former, we will not doubt the certainty hence our assurance of the matter until an unexpected small probability event occurs. As for the latter, we will trust the established institute as long as the institutionalized action pattern complies with the social economic life and remains better than the extra-institutional expediencies. However, once the seed of suspicion is sown, it is doomed to yield a new institutional fruit. After all, an institution can only reduce uncertainty to some extent instead of ruling out the discrepancy between the formulated action modes and the fact itself.

对于前者，只有当小概率事件发生以后，人们才会对事件的确定性表示怀疑，对于后者，只有当制度化的行为模式不能适应社会经济生活，只有当人们发现例外的行为选择更好的时候，才会对制度表示怀疑，从而向一种新的制度化行为过渡，并如此不断演化下去，但制度始终只是对不确定性的一种简化处理，在&严格按照制度办事&与&实事求是&之间，在一定程度上是有矛盾的。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。